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Tuyển tập 30 đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng anh năm 2022 (Đề số 18)

  • 37311 lượt thi

  • 50 câu hỏi

  • 30 phút

Danh sách câu hỏi

Câu 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Phát âm đuôi “-ed” 

Giải thích: 

A. laughed /lɑːft/                                                 

B. checked /tʃekt/ 

C. weighed /weɪd/                                                

D. washed /wɒʃt/ 

Quy tắc: Cách phát âm đuôi “-ed”: 

- /t/: khi động từ có phát âm kết thúc là /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và /s/. 

- /id/: khi động từ có phát âm kết thúc là /t/ hay /d/ 

- /d/: với những trường hợp còn lại 

Phần gạch chân đáp án C được phát âm là /d/, còn lại là /t/. 

Chọn C


Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Phát âm nguyên âm “-u” 

Giải thích: 

A. suggest /səˈdʒest/                                            

B. difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ 

C. industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/                                     

D. supply /səˈplaɪ/ 

Phần gạch chân đáp án C được phát âm là /ʌ/, còn lại là /ə/. 

Chọn C. 


Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

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Kiến thức: Trọng âm từ có 2 âm tiết 

Giải thích: 

A. appeal /əˈpiːl/                                                 

B. confide /kənˈfaɪd/

C. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/                                               

D. happen /ˈhæpən/

Phương án D có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết 1, còn lại là âm tiết 2.

Chọn D


Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

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Kiến thức: Trọng âm từ có 3 âm tiết 

Giải thích: 

A. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/                                             

B. eternal /ɪˈtɜːnl/ 

C. opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/                                      

D. personal /ˈpɜːsənl/

Phương án D có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết 1, còn lại là âm tiết 2. 

Chọn D


Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Michael returned to his hometown last summer, _______? 

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Kiến thức: Câu hỏi đuôi 

Giải thích: 

Vế trước câu hỏi đuôi dạng khẳng định => câu hỏi đuôi dạng phủ định. 

Vế trước: Michael returned => câu hỏi đuôi: didn’t he? 

Tạm dịch: Michael đã trở về quê nhà vào mùa hè năm ngoái phải không? 

Chọn B


Câu 6:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Most of the e-mail accounts at our company ________ by a virus last week

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Kiến thức: Câu bị động 

Giải thích: 

Dấu hiệu: “by a virus” (bởi một loại vius) =>loại C, thì quá khứ đơn (last week) => loại A.

Công thức: S + tobe + Ved/V3. 

Dấu hiệu:  chủ ngữ số nhiều (Most of the e-mail accounts) => loại D 

Tạm dịch: Hầu hết các tài khoản email của công ty chúng ta đều bị tấn công bởi một loại vius tuần trước.

Chọn B


Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

Laboratory tests carried ________ by three independent teams of experts have given similar results

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Kiến thức: Giới từ, cụm động từ 

Giải thích: carry out (phr.v): thực hiện, tiến hành 

Tạm dịch: Các cuộc thử nghiệm trong phòng thí nghiệm do ba nhóm chuyên gia độc lập thực hiện cũng cho kết quả tương tự. 

Chọn B


Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The more I concentrate, _______ my answers are

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Kiến thức: So sánh đồng tiến (càng... thì càng)

The + (so sánh hơn) adj/ adv+S + V, the (so sánh hơn) adj/adv + S + V

=> The  more adj + + S1 + V1, the more adj + S2 +V2: càng... càng

I concentrate => The more I concentrate

accurate => the more accurate

Tạm dịch: Tôi càng tập trung vào làm bài thì đáp án của tôi càng chính xác.  

Chọn A.


Câu 9:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

I bought a _________ car

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Kiến thức về trật tự của tính từ: 

* Opinion - tính từ chỉ quan điểm, sự đánh giá. Ví dụ: beautiful, wonderful, terrible... 

Size - tính từ chỉ kích cỡ. Ví dụ: big, small, long, short, tall... 

• Age - tính từ chỉ độ tuổi. Ví dụ: old, young, old, new... 

* Color - tính từ chỉ màu sắc. Ví dụ: orange, yellow, light blue, dark brown .... 

* Origin – tính từ chỉ nguồn gốc, xuất xứ. Ví dụ: Japanese, American, British, Vietnamese... 

• Material - tính từ chỉ chất liệu. Ví dụ: stone, plastic, leather, steel, silk... 

* Purpose – tính từ chỉ mục đích, tác dụng. 

Tạm dịch: Tôi đã mua một chiếc ô tô đua Mỹ hiện đại màu xanh 

Chọn đáp án A 


Câu 10:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

While I _______ at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction

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Kiến thức về thì: Quá khứ đơn- quá khứ tiếp diễn( một hành động đang xảy ra, bị một hành động khác xen vào)

While( trong khi)  +I +was+ Ving, S+ V2/ed

Đáp án D sai động từ tobe/ các câu B,C sai thì

Tạm dịch: Khi tôi đang đợi ở bến xe buýt, có ba chiếc xe buýt chạy ngược chiều.


Câu 11:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

 _______ Allan's inexperience as a midfielder, he played well and scored a decisive goal in the final match

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Kiến thức liên từ

Since: vì, bởi vì ( since + clause)

Although : mặc dù ( + clause)

Despite : mặc dù ( + N/Np)

Because of : Bởi vì ( + N/Np )

Loại đáp án A.B xét về nghĩa ta chọn đáp án C.

Tạm dịch :  Mặc dù Allan còn non kinh nghiệm ở vị trí tiền vệ, nhưng anh ấy đã chơi tốt và ghi bàn thắng quyết định trong trận đấu cuối cùng.

A. Kể từ khi B. Mặc dù C. Mặc dù D. Vì


Câu 12:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

_______, leave it in the hospital for someone else to read

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. Kiến thức về mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

Mệnh đề chinh ở hiện tại, mệnh đề trạng ngữ ở hiện tại đơn/ hiện tại hoàn thành

Vì vậy ta chọn đáp án A, loại các đáp án khác vì sai thì

Tạm dịch: Khi bạn đã đọc cuốn sách để nó trong bệnh viện cho người khác đọc.


Câu 13:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

________ all his money, Daniel couldn't afford a new jacket

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Kiến thức: Mệnh đề phân tử / Rút gọn mệnh đề đồng ngữ

Giải thích:

Khi 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ (Daniel ) thì có thể rút gọn 1 trong 2 mệnh đề về dạng:

- V-ing / Having P2: nếu mệnh đề được rút gọn mang nghĩa chủ động

- P2 (quá khứ phân từ): nếu mệnh đề được rút gọn mang nghĩa bị động

Chủ ngữ “Daniel ” có thể làm chủ (tự thực hiện hành động “spend => nghĩa chủ động.

Tạm dịch: Sau khi tiêu hết tiền, Daniel không thể mua được một chiếc áo khoác mới.


Câu 14:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

High intelligent machines can be automated to operate without human ____.

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Đáp án C

Kiến thức về từ loại

A. intervene : (n)  /ˌɪn.təˈviːn/ : sự can thiệp        

B. intervening :  (a)  /ˌɪn.təˈviː.nɪŋ/  có tính chất xen vào        

C. intervention: (n) /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ Sự can thiệp           

D. interventionist (n): /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən.ɪst/  người can thiệp

Tạm dịch: Các loại may móc thông minh có thể được tự động để vận hành không cần sự can thiệp của con người.


Câu 15:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

After graduating from university, I want to ____ my father's footsteps.

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Đáp án  A    follow in one’s footsteps: theo bước chân ai đó

Sau khi tốt nghiệp đại học, tôi muốn tiếp theo bước chân bố tôi.

Giải thích:

B. succeed in        : Thành công       

C. go after   : Đi theo sau                 

D. keep up:  bảo đảm, giữu vững, bảo quản


Câu 16:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

After marriage, Mrs. Hoa always keeps a good _____ with her mother-in-law.

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Đáp án D

Kiến thức về cụm động từ

Keep/have a good relationship with sb: co mối quan hệ tốt với ai đó

Tạm dịch: Sau lễ cưới, Cô Hoa luôn giữ mối quan hệ tốt với mẹ chồng của mình.


Câu 17:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

After a momentary        _ of concentration, Simon managed to regain his focus and completed the test

Xem đáp án

Chọn đáp án B

Ta xét nghĩa các phương án:

A. failure (n): sự thất bại, sự hỏng hóc, sự không làm được việc gì

B. lapse (n): sự mất tập trung (trong khoảng thời gian ngắn), sự đãng trí; sự suy đồi; quãng thời gian

nghỉ

C.    fault (n): khuyết điểm; lỗi lầm, tội lỗi, sự sai lầm

D.    error (n): sự sai lầm, sai sót, lỗi

Dựa vào nghĩa của các phương án trên đây ta thấy phương án hợp nghĩa nhất là B.

Tạm dịch: Sau một thoáng không chú ý, Simon đã có thể lấy lại được sự tập trung và hoàn thành bài thi


Câu 18:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

It was such a sad film that we all were reduced to_____at the end.

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C. Reduce sb to tears = make sb cry: làm ai khóc

Tạm dịch: Nó thật là một bộ phim buồn đến mức vào phút cuối tất cả chúng tôi đều khóc.


Câu 19:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

The baby can't even sit up yet, ______stand and walk

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B .But for: nhờ có, nếu không có

All but: gần như, hầu như, suýt

Let alone: chứ đừng nói đến, huống chi là Rather than: thà còn hơn, thích hơn

Tạm dịch: Đứa bé còn chưa thể ngồi được nữa là, huống chi là đứng và đi!


Câu 20:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Thanks for buying at Build - a - Monster, your product will be shipped in 1 to 2 business days. Have a nice day! 

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. withdraw (v): thu hồi (sản phẩm)

B. receive (v): nhận được

C. purchase (v): tậu

D. mail(v): gửi thư, kiện hàng cho ai đó

* Ship (v): gửi hàng = Mail

Tạm dịch: Cảm ơn bạn đã mua hàng tại Build - a - Monster, sản phẩm của bạn sẽ được giao sau 1 đến 2 ngày làm việc. Chúc một ngày tốt lành!

Chọn đáp án D


Câu 21:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Al. algorithms can also help to detect faces and other features in photo sent to social networking sites and automatically organize them

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. recognize (v): nhận ra

B. connect(v): kết nối

C. categorize (v): phân loại

D. remind (v): nhắc nhở

* Detect (v): phát hiện ra, nhận ra = Recognize

Tạm dịch: Thuật toán AI cũng có thể giúp phát hiện khuôn mặt và các đặc điểm khác trong ảnh được gửi đến các trang mạng xã hội và tự động sắp xếp chúng. 

 Chọn đáp án A 


Câu 22:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

There must be a mutual trust between friends

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. reliance(n): nương tựa vào ai, tín nhiệm ai

B. defendant (n): bị cáo

C. belief (n): lòng tin

D. suspicion (n): sự nghi ngờ

* Trust (n): sự tin tưởng >< Suspicion

Tạm dịch: Phải có sự tin tưởng lẫn nhau giữa những người bạn. 

 Chọn đáp án D


Câu 23:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

They are going to have to amputate his left leg which was badly injured in the accident

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Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. separate (v): chia ra, tách rời, loại bỏ

B. cut off (phV): cắt (điện), cắt bỏ

C. mend (v): hàn gắn (tâm hồn), sửa đổi, vá (quần áo, vải)

D. remove (v): di chuyển, tháo ra, cắt chức, loại bỏ 

• Amputate (v): cưa đi, cắt bỏ >< Mend

Tạm dịch: Họ sẽ phải cắt cái chân trái bị thương nặng trong vụ tai nạn của anh ấy 

 Chọn đáp án C


Câu 24:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best complete each of the following exchanges

A - Hello. May I speak to Fred, please?              

B - _____________ 

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Kiến thức: Hội thoại giao tiếp

A. Đợi tôi một chút.                                            

B. Được rồi, tôi đã sẵn sàng.

C. Tuyệt. Tôi sẽ gọi lại cho bạn.                         

D. Cảm ơn bạn, tôi thích điều đó.

Tạm dịch:

A- “Xin chào. Tôi có thể nói chuyện với Fred được không?

B- “Đợi tôi một chút.” 

 Chọn đáp án A


Câu 25:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best complete each of the following exchanges

Linda is thanking Daniel for his birthday present.

- Linda: "Thanks for the book. I've been looking it for months." 

- Daniel: " ____________”

Xem đáp án

A. Cảm ơn bạn vì đã tìm kiếm nó                       

B. Tớ hoàn toàn đồng ý

C. Tớ mừng vì bạn thích nó                                                                    

D. Tớ thích đọc sách

Tạm dịch:

- Linda: “Cảm ơn vì cuốn sách. Tớ đã tìm nó cả tháng nay rồi.”

- Daniel:” Tớ mừng vì cậu thích nó.” 

 Chọn đáp án C.


Câu 26:

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 26 to 30

     Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (26) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (27) _______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (28) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (29) ________ year. 

          In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (30) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ

* Đại từ quan hệ which dùng để thay thế cho danh từ đứng trước nó, được dùng như chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

Tạm dịch: Giống như Ngày của Mẹ, ngày mà tôn vinh những người mẹ và tình mẫu tử.

 Chọn đáp án A


Câu 27:

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 26 to 30

     Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (26) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (27) _______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (28) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (29) ________ year. 

          In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (30) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. conquest (n): sự chinh phục

B. effect (n): Sự thay đổi hoặc kết quả, hậu quả mà một ai đó/một việc gì đó ảnh hưởng lên người khác/việc khác.( vừa tích cực, vừa tiêu cực) 

C. influence (n): Sự tác động mạnh mẽ làm thay đổi cách nghĩ, hành động của một người hay sự phát triển của một việc nào đó (không dùng đến vũ lực mà thường là cho họ một tấm gương để noi theo.) 

D. impact (n): Có ảnh hưởng đáng chú ý lên một người/một việc nào đó, đặc biệt theo chiều hướng xấu.

Tạm dịch: nó làm nổi bật ảnh hưởng của những người cha trong xã hội. 

 Chọn đáp án C


Câu 28:

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 26 to 30

     Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (26) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (27) _______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (28) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (29) ________ year. 

          In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (30) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

* Raise (v): chăm sóc một người hoặc một động vật hoặc thực vật, cho đến khi chúng đã trưởng thành hoàn toàn.

Tạm dịch: Cha của cô, cựu chiến binh Nội chiến William Jackson Smart, là một người cha đơn thân nuôi sáu đứa con của mình ở đó. 

 Chọn đáp án A


Câu 29:

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 26 to 30

     Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (26) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (27) _______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (28) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (29) ________ year. 

          In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (30) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng 

• Every: mỗi, hằng.

Tạm dịch: Kể từ đó nó đã trở thành một ngày truyền thống hàng năm. 

 Chọn đáp án D


Câu 30:

Reading the following passage and mark the letter on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blank from 26 to 30

     Father's Day was created to complement Mother's Day. Like Mother's Day (26) ______ honors mothers and motherhood, Father's Day celebrates fatherhood and paternal bonds; it highlights the (27) _______ of fathers in society. Many countries celebrate it on the third Sunday of June, but it is also celebrated widely on other days. Historically, Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman behind the celebration of male parenting. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who (28) _______ his six children there. After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June. The first celebration was in Spokane. Washington at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) on June 19,1910. Since then it has become a traditional day (29) ________ year. 

          In recognition of what fathers do for their families, on this day people may have a party celebrating male parenting or simply make a phone call or send a greeting card. (30) _________, schools help children prepare handmade gifts for their fathers many days before the celebration

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: Từ vựng

A. Besides: bên cạnh đó (thêm thông tin)

B. However: tuy nhiên (chỉ nhượng bộ)

C. In contrast: trái lại (chỉ tương phản)

D. Then: vậy thì (chỉ kết quả)

Tạm dịch: Bên cạnh đó, các trường học giúp các em chuẩn bị những món quà tự tay làm để tặng cha nhiều ngày trước lễ kỷ niệm. 

 Chọn đáp án A


Câu 31:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

       In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

      There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C

Đâu là tiêu đề thích hợp nhất cho bài văn?

A. Sự tự mãn quá mức của các máy tính siêu trí tuệ.

B. Hiện tại là lúc thích hợp nhất để thực hiện công tác an toàn cho AI.

C. Tầm quan trọng của việc nghiên cứu công tác an toàn cho AI.

D. Những thách thức trong việc đảm bảo sự an toàn của các hệ thống AI.

Giải thích:

Đáp án A sai vì hoàn toàn lệch với nội dung của bài văn.

Đáp án B sai vì bài văn không nhấn mạnh thời gian nghiên cứu là hiện tại.

Đáp án C đúng vì bài văn nêu ra các trường hợp xấu có thể xảy ra nếu AI mất kiểm soát.

Đáp án D sai vì bài văn nhắc đến những khó khăn AI sẽ tạo ra mà không phải là những thách thức trong quá trình loại bỏ những khó khăn này


Câu 32:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

       In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

      There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls

According to paragraph 1, what is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of AI?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D

Theo đoạn 1, những gì không được đề cập là lợi ích tiềm năng của Al?

A. Tạo điều kiện cho hệ thống nhận dạng                             

B. Quản lý điện trong nhà

C. Điều khiển phương tiện và tiện ích     

D. Chữa các bệnh đe dọa đến tính mạng

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn một:

Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an Al system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. (Trong khi đó, nó có thể ít phiền toái hơn nếu máy tính xách tay của bạn gặp sự cố hoặc bị hack, điều quan trọng hơn là hệ thống Al sẽ làm những gì bạn muốn nó làm nếu nó điều khiển xe hơi, máy bay, máy tạo nhịp tim, hệ thống giao dịch tự động hoặc mạng lưới điện.)


Câu 33:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

       In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

      There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls

The word “recursive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Từ "recursive" trong đoạn 2 có nghĩa gần nhất với _______.

A. mạnh mẽ               B. lặp đi lặp lại     

C. không thể          D. đơn điệu

Từ đồng nghĩa recursive (đệ quy - Đệ quy là quá trình lặp đi lặp lại một thành phần theo cùng một cách) = repeated

Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. (Một hệ thống như vậy có thể có khả năng trải qua quá trình tự cải thiện đệ quy, gây ra vụ bùng nổ trí tuệ thông minh bỏ xa trí thông minh của con người.)


Câu 34:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

       In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

      There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Từ "nó" trong đoạn 2 đề cập đến

. A. sự kiện

B. con người

c. lịch sử

D. sự nghèo đói

Từ “it” dùng để thay thế cho danh từ sự kiện được nhắc tới trước đó.

Al might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the Al with ours before it becomes superintelligent. (AI (trí tuệ nhân tạo) có thể là sự kiện lớn nhất trong lịch sử loài người. Một số chuyên gia đã bày tỏ sự quan tâm, mặc dù, nó cũng có thể là lần cuối cùng, trừ khi chúng ta học cách sắp xếp các mục tiêu của Al với chúng ta trước nó trở nên siêu thông minh.)


Câu 35:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.

       In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.

      There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls

According to paragraph 3, which information is incorrect about the future of AI?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D

Theo đoạn 3, thông tin nào không chính xác về tương lai của Al?

A. Chúng ta không thể phủ nhận khả năng Al phản lại người tạo ra nó - con người

B. Sự xuất hiện của siêu trí tuệ sẽ mang lại lợi ích có giá trị cho con người

C. Một trong những trọng tâm của hệ thống Al hiện nay nên là các biện pháp chuẩn bị và phòng ngừa

D. Xác suất của trí tuệ nhân tạo độc hại là một con số không mong đợi

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn ba:

There are some who question whether strong Al will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent Al is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help US better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future (Có một số người đặt câu hỏi liệu Al sẽ đạt được sức mạnh hay không, và những người khác khăng khăng rằng việc tạo ra Al siêu thông minh được đảm bảo là có lợi. Tại FLI, chúng tôi nhận ra cả hai khả năng này, nhưng cũng nhận ra tiềm năng của một hệ thống trí tuệ nhân tạo có thể cố ý hoặc vô ý gây ra tác hại lớn. Chúng tôi tin rằng nghiên cứu ngày hôm nay sẽ giúp Mỹ chuẩn bị tốt hơn và ngăn chặn những hậu quả tiêu cực tiềm ẩn như vậy trong tương lai,)


Câu 36:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the author in the passage?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Điều nào sau đây mô tả đúng nhất mục đích chính của tác giả trong đoạn văn?

A. Để trình bày tóm tắt về nguyên nhân và ảnh hưởng của dân số già.

B. Để cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về những hạn chế của dân số già trên thế giới.

C. Để đề xuất một số giải pháp hiệu quả để đối phó với sự gia tăng nhanh chóng của dân số già.

D. Để chứng minh sự đóng góp đáng kể của dân số già cho nền kinh tế thế giới.


Câu 37:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

As mentioned in the first paragraph, the following aspects will be influenced by the aging in the society, EXCEPT ___________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án D

Như đã đề cập trong đoạn đầu tiên, các khía cạnh sau đây sẽ bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự lão hóa trong xã hội, NGOẠI TRỪ ___________.

A. sự tiến bộ ổn định của các gia đình

B. phúc lợi xã hội

C. chăm sóc y tế

D. thành tựu công nghệ

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 1:

Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services. (Sự lão hóa xã hội có thể ảnh hưởng đến tăng trưởng kinh tế và dẫn đến nhiều vấn đề khác, bao gồm sự bền vững của các gia đình, khả năng của các quốc gia và cộng đồng để cung cấp nguồn lực cho người già và những mối quan hệ quốc tế. Gánh nặng bệnh tật toàn cầu, một nghiên cứu được thực hiện bởi Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới, dự đoán sự gia tăng rất lớn về bệnh mãn tính liên quan đến tuổi ở tất cả các khu vực của thế giới. Đối phó với điều này sẽ là một thách thức đáng kể cho tất cả các quốc gia về dịch vụ y tế.)

=> Ngoại trừ phương án D là không được đề cập đến trong đoạn 1


Câu 38:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

What can be inferred from the second paragraph?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án C

Điều gì có thể được suy ra từ đoạn thứ hai?

A. Tỷ lệ sinh ở các nước phát triển ít hơn ở các nước đang phát triển.

B. Sự gia tăng tỷ lệ tử vong dẫn đến tình trạng thiếu lao động ở các nước phát triển.

C. Khả năng sinh sản của dân số thế giới không đủ để thay thế người cao tuổi.

D. Sự cải thiện trong chăm sóc y tế là một trong những lý do khiến khả năng sinh sản giảm sút.

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 2:

Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries. (Già hóa dân số được thúc đẩy bởi sự suy giảm khả năng sinh sản và cải thiện sức khỏe và tuổi thọ. Ở các nước phát triển hơn, mức sinh sản giảm bắt đầu từ đầu những năm 1900 đã dẫn đến mức hiện tại thấp hơn tỷ lệ thay thế dân số của hai lần sinh sống trên mỗi phụ nữ. Có lẽ sự phát triển nhân khẩu học đáng ngạc nhiên nhất trong 20 năm qua là tốc độ giảm sinh ở nhiều nước kém phát triển. Ví dụ, năm 2006, tổng tỷ suất sinh bằng hoặc thấp hơn tỷ lệ thay thế ở 44 quốc gia kém phát triển.)


Câu 39:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

What does the word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Từ “this” trong đoạn 3 đề cập đến điều gì?

A. trợ cấp hưu trí công cộng

B. sự giảm của tuổi chính thức hoàn toàn được hưởng lương hưu

C. mối quan hệ giữa tuổi nghỉ hưu chính thức và tuổi nghỉ hưu thực tế

D. vấn đề trung tâm

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 3:

Từ “This” đang đề cập đến “sự giảm của tuổi chính thức hoàn toàn được hưởng lương hưu”.

Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. (Trong nhiều thập kỷ vào cuối thế kỷ 20, nhiều quốc gia phát triển hơn đã hạ thấp tuổi chính thức mà tại đó mọi người được hưởng đầy đủ các khoản trợ cấp hưu trí công cộng. Điều này được thúc đẩy bởi các điều kiện kinh tế chung, thay đổi triết lý phúc lợi và xu hướng lương hưu tư nhân.)


Câu 40:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

The word “eligible” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A

Từ “eligible” trong đoạn 3 gần nghĩa nhất với từ _____________.

A. đủ tư cách, điều kiện được hưởng

B. không đủ tiêu chuẩn

C. trưởng thành

D. tận tụy

Từ đồng nghĩa: eligible (đủ điều kiện) = entitled

One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. (Một cải cách phổ biến là tăng tuổi mà tại đó người lao động đủ điều kiện để nhận trợ cấp hưu trí công cộng.)


Câu 41:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

According to paragraph 3, which of the following is the measure of old-age social insurance programs?

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Theo đoạn 3, điều nào sau đây là biện pháp của các chương trình bảo hiểm xã hội tuổi già?

A. Sự giảm tuổi mà người cao tuổi có thể nhận lương hưu.

B. Sự khuyến khích người cao tuổi đóng góp nhiều hơn trong nền kinh tế.

C. Thực hiện nhiều chính sách để tăng thu nhập trước khi nghỉ hưu.

D. Mở rộng khoảng cách giữa tuổi nghỉ hưu chính thức và thực tế.

Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 3:

Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. (Nhiều quốc gia đã thực hiện các bước để cải cách rất cần thiết các chương trình bảo hiểm xã hội tuổi già của họ. Một cải cách phổ biến là tăng tuổi mà người lao động đủ điều kiện nhận trợ cấp hưu trí công cộng. Một chiến lược khác để củng cố an ninh kinh tế cho người già là tăng cường sự đóng góp của người lao động.)


Câu 42:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

         People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a significant challenge for all countries’ health services.

      Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In 2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.

       One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and supplemental occupational pension plans.

       As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living parents

The word “manifested” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by ________.

Xem đáp án

Đáp án B

Từ “manifested” trong đoạn cuối có thể được thay thế tốt nhất bởi từ __________.

A. minh họa                                            

B. biểu thị/chứng minh

C. chứng minh                                    

D. công nhận

Từ đồng nghĩa: manifested(biểu thị) = demonstrated

In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family’, a vertical extension of family structure characterised by an increase in the number of living generations within a lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. (Ở các nước phát triển hơn, điều này đã tự biểu thị là gia đình ‘beanpole’, một sự mở rộng theo chiều dọc của cấu trúc gia đình được đặc trưng bởi sự gia tăng số lượng thế hệ sống trong một dòng dõi và sự giảm số lượng người trong mỗi thế hệ.)


Câu 43:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

It was ages since we last met each other

Xem đáp án

Đáp án A: “was”.

+       Động từ “be” chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, chỉ sự việc diễn ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại.

Trong trường hợp này, “was” cần được sửa lại là “has been”


Câu 45:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions

Speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discreet units

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức từ vựng:

Giải thích:

Discreet (a) : Thận trọng, dè dặt

Discrete (a) : riêng biệt, rời rạc

Sửa : Discreet – discrete

Âm nói được tạo ra một tín hiệu âm thanh liên tục chứ không phải là các đơn vị rời rạc


Câu 46:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago

Xem đáp án

Ta dùng công thức:

 

S + began/ started + V-ing / To V in + time (May, 1990,…)

                                                             time (years, month,..) + ago       

à S +     have/has + Ved/3……………..     since/ for + time

                have/has + been + V-ing…….   

 


Câu 47:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

"No, I won’t go to work, at the weekend," said Sally

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức  trực tiếp sang gián tiếp câu tường thuật

“ không tôi se không đi làm vào cuối tuần” Sally nói

A.Sally hứa sẽ đi làm vào cuối tuần

B. Sally từ chối đi làm vào cuối tuần

C. Sally xin lỗi đã không đi làm vào cuối tuần

D.Sally hối tiếc không đi làm vào cuối tuần

Cấu trúc:

Promise to + V: hứa sẽ làm gì

Refuse to +V: từ chối sẽ làm gì

Apologise for not Ving / to Sb for not Ving

Regret + Ving/ Not Ving: hiếc tiếc đã làm gì/ không làm gì


Câu 48:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions

I must prepare the meals for my family everyday

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức modal verbs – to be +adj to +V

Dịch:  Tôi phải chuản bị bữa ăn cho gia dình tôi mỗi ngày

A. tôi được yêu câu  chuẩn bị bữa ăn cho gia dình tôi mỗi ngày

B. tôi sẽ chuẩn  bị bữa ăn cho gia dình tôi mỗi ngày

C. tôi có thể chuẩn  bị bữa ăn cho gia dình tôi mỗi ngày

D. tôi  không phải chuẩn  bị bữa ăn cho gia dình tôi mỗi ngày


Câu 49:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

I regret not going to the airport to see her off

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức: câu ao ước

Do “regret + Ving”: xảy ra trong quá khứ

Nên: áp dụng công thức câu ước trong quá khứ: S + wish + S + had PP


Câu 50:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions

We couldn't solve the problem until our teacher arrived

Xem đáp án

Kiến thức : Đảo ngữ với Not until + Clause, TDT + S + V

 


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