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Câu hỏi:

22/07/2024 945

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Many of the most damaging and life-threating types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes-begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-live local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

Question 48: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting?

A. Weather balloons

Đáp án chính xác

B. Radar systems

C. Automated instruments

D. Satellites

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Đáp án A

Dịch nghĩa: Cái nào trong những cái sau KHÔNG được nói đến như một tiến bộ trong dự báo thời tiết ngắn hạn?

A. Khinh khí cầu thời tiết

B. Hệ thống ra-da

C. Công cụ tự động hóa

D. Vệ tinh nhân tạo

Giải thích: Ta thấy các đáp án còn lại đầu được để cập như tiến bộ về dự báo thời tiết ngắn ngày:

“Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost.” - “May mắn thay, tiến bộ khoa học và công nghệ đã vượt qua hầu hết những vấn đề này. Hệ thống ra-da, công cụ thời tiết tự động hóa, và vệ tinh nhân tạo đều có khả năng thực hiện những quan sát chi tiết, liên tục trên những khu vực rộng lớn với chi phí thấp.”

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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 39: The word “it” refers to:

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Câu 2:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word/phrases SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 22: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), was established in 1946.

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Câu 3:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 8: Although thunder and lightning are produced at the same time, light waves travel faster _____, so we see the lightening before we hear the thunder.

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Câu 4:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Question 24: I would be happy to go along with the idea.

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 3,648

Câu 5:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 26: “Can I accompany you to the party?”

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Câu 6:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word/phrases SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 23: Paris is the ideal place to learn French; it’s a beautiful and hospitable city with Institutions for high quality linguistic teaching.

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 2,222

Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 12: 500 years ago, the average human ______ was about 40 years.

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 2,198

Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 27: James should have been told the news a long time ago.

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,405

Câu 9:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Light from a living plant or animal is called bioluminescence, or cold light, to distinguish it from incandescence or heat-generating light. Life forms could not produce incandescent light without being burned. Their light is produced in chemicals combining in such a way that little or no measurable heat is produced, and the life forms generating it are unharmed. Although bioluminescence is a relatively complicated process, it can be reduced to simple terms. Living light occurs when luciferin and oxygen combine in the presence of luciferase. In a few cases, fireflies the most common, an additional compound called ATP is required.

The earliest recorded experiments with bioluminescence in the late 1800s are attributed to Raphael Dubois, who extracted a luminous fluid from a clam, observing that it continued to glow in the test tube for several minutes. He named the substance luciferin, which means “the bearer of life”. In further research, Dubois discovered that several chemicals were required for bioluminescence to occur. In his notes, it was recorded that a second important substance, which he called luciferase, was always present. In later study of small, luminous sea creatures, Newton Harley concluded that luciferin was composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are the building blocks of all living cells. He also proved that there are a variety of luciferin and luciferase, specific to the plants and animals that produce them.

Much remains unknown, but many scientists who are studying bioluminescence now believe that the origin of the phenomenon may be traced to a time when there was no oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. When oxygen was gradually introduced to the atmosphere, it was actually poisonous to life forms, plants and animals produced light to use up the oxygen in a gradual but necessary adaptation. It is speculated that millions of years ago, all life may have produced light to survive. As the millennia passed, life forms on Earth became tolerant of, and finally dependent on oxygen, and the adaptation that produced bioluminescence was no longer necessary, but some primitive plants and animals continued to use the light for new functions such as mating or attracting prey.

Question 37: According to the author, why has bioluminescence continued in modern plants and animals?

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,389

Câu 10:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Sponsoring great athletic events

In the 1998 World Cup, sports fans around the world (31) ______ various battles between fierce football rivals but also between the companies that sponsored them.

Nike sponsored Brazil. Adidas sponsored France. While the teams (32) ______ for the biggest prize in football, the two companies tried to win the biggest battle, the battle of the brands as 500 million people from 195 countries turn in to watch the greatest footballers in the world. Afterwards, the sportswear companies’ hope was for people to go out and buy some new kits. Adidas paid $20 million for the privilege of being an official sponsor of the 1998 World Cup and so one might have assumed it would have had the greatest presence at the (33) ______

Sometimes, however, sponsoring doesn’t (34) ______ the company much good. Other times, the sponsors’ advertising campaigns are very original. Nike has claimed that if sponsors really want to support athletes, they can’t turn up only for the photo opportunities and the media events and smile and (35) ______ for the cameras. They have to accept the whole package with its spitting, swearing, sweating and blistering-breaking. They just have to get used to it.

Question 31

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,386

Câu 11:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Sponsoring great athletic events

In the 1998 World Cup, sports fans around the world (31) ______ various battles between fierce football rivals but also between the companies that sponsored them.

Nike sponsored Brazil. Adidas sponsored France. While the teams (32) ______ for the biggest prize in football, the two companies tried to win the biggest battle, the battle of the brands as 500 million people from 195 countries turn in to watch the greatest footballers in the world. Afterwards, the sportswear companies’ hope was for people to go out and buy some new kits. Adidas paid $20 million for the privilege of being an official sponsor of the 1998 World Cup and so one might have assumed it would have had the greatest presence at the (33) ______

Sometimes, however, sponsoring doesn’t (34) ______ the company much good. Other times, the sponsors’ advertising campaigns are very original. Nike has claimed that if sponsors really want to support athletes, they can’t turn up only for the photo opportunities and the media events and smile and (35) ______ for the cameras. They have to accept the whole package with its spitting, swearing, sweating and blistering-breaking. They just have to get used to it.

Question 32

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,210

Câu 12:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 9: The young students always wish they ______ able to bring cellphone to schools.

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Câu 13:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 7: If you record people (A) spoke a (B) disappearing language, you can (C) keep important information (D) about both the language and its speakers.

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Câu 14:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.

Question 20: Jane: “Are you interested in scuba diving?” Janet: “_____________.”

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,048

Câu 15:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 19: Everybody in the house woke up when the burglar alarm ______.

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