Thứ sáu, 15/11/2024
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Câu hỏi:

22/07/2024 227

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Less than a year ago marketing director, David Smith, 33 was behaving like a secet agent. He used to secretly taped all his conversations, he refused to sign his name and he would ask his secretary to check all his emails. Anything he wrote was photocopied and kept as “evidence”. But David isn’t mad, or even mildly eccertric. He suffers from ‘resposibility OCD’, one of more common form of obsessive compulsive disorder, or OCD, as it is usually known.

OCD is now recognized as the second most prevalent mental-health problem, after depression – and the number of reported cases is soaring. Experts estimate that 2% - 3% of the population suffer from the full-blown syndrome, with as many as one in five suffering from a milder form.

OCD sufferers are tortured by obsessional thoughts, such as worrying that their hands are contaminated by germs. The terrible anxiety is only relieved by performing a particular set of behaviours. Unfortunately, any sense of relief is short-lived, which is why the behaviour must be repeated again and again. OCD sufferers know their behavior is irrational, yet feel powerless to stop.

Common treatments are either antidepressants or behavioral therapy with a psychologist, but only 60% of patients show some improvement. However, a new treatment from America is bringing fresh hope to sufferers.

One of the OCD gurus and neuropsychiatrists, Jeffrey Schwartz, has designed the Four Steps program which employs meditation teachniques with the aim of teaching sufferers to manage their symptoms by themselves. “The goal is to learn to override false brain messages”, explains Schwartz.

There are different theories about what causes the disorder. Most experts recognize a genetic element that can be triggered by a stressful event. Schwartz believes that the OCD ‘worry circuit’ is a direct result of faulty brain chemistry. ‘When someone experiences an OCD thought, one part of the brain knows quite clearly that the hand are not dirty’, explains Schwartz ‘Some part of the brain is standing apart from the symptoms, reflecting on the sheer bizarreness of it all. The objective is to harness this impartial spectator so that patients can use this healthy part of their brain to resist the compulsions.’

David Smith is delighted with the results of Schwartz’s treatment. ‘Now I can sign cheques without a problem’, he says brightly. ‘And I don’t photocopy them either. OCD used to feel like a huge stigma, but I don’t feel handicapped by it any more. You just deal with it.’ 

The healthy part of an OCD sufferer’s brain . 

A. needs to be protect in order to treat OCD 

B. is tricked into believing that there is no problem 

C. recognizes that the person’s behaviors is strange 

Đáp án chính xác

D. cannot resist the person’s new obsessions

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Phần khỏe mạnh của một bộ não bị OCD

   A. cần được bảo vệ để điều trị OCD

   B. bị lừa để tin rằng không có vấn đề gì

   C. nhận ra rằng hành vi của người đó khác lạ

   D. không thể cưỡng lại nỗi ám ảnh mới của người đó

Thông tin: ‘When someone experiences an OCD thought, one part of the brain knows quite clearly that the hand are not dirty’, explains Schwartz. ‘Some part of the brain is standing apart from the symptoms, reflecting on the sheer bizarreness of it all.

Tạm dịch: "Khi ai đó trải qua một suy nghĩ OCD, một phần của bộ não biết khá rõ rằng bàn tay không hề bẩn", Schwartz giải thích. "Một phần của bộ não đang đứng ngoài các triệu chứng, phản ánh tất cả sự kỳ quái của nó.

Chọn C

Dịch bài đọc:

Chưa đầy một năm trước, giám đốc tiếp thị, David Smith, 33 tuổi đã cư xử như một đặc vụ bí mật. Anh ấy đã bí mật ghi âm tất cả các cuộc trò chuyện của mình, anh ấy từ chối ký tên của mình và anh ấy sẽ yêu cầu thư ký của mình kiểm tra tất cả các email của anh ấy. Bất cứ điều gì anh ta viết đều được sao chụp và lưu giữ làm bằng chứng. Nhưng David không điên, hay thậm chí là lập dị nhẹ. Anh ta mắc chứng "chịu trách nhiệm OCD", một trong những dạng rối loạn ám ảnh cưỡng chế phổ biến hơn, hay được gọi là OCD, như thường được biết đến.

OCD hiện được công nhận là vấn đề sức khỏe tâm thần phổ biến thứ hai, sau trầm cảm - và số trường hợp được báo cáo đang tăng vọt. Các chuyên gia ước tính rằng 2% - 3% dân số mắc phải hội chứng toàn thân, có đến 1/5 người mắc một dạng nhẹ hơn.

Những người bị OCD bị tra tấn bởi những suy nghĩ ám ảnh, như lo lắng rằng bàn tay của họ bị nhiễm vi trùng. Sự lo lắng khủng khiếp chỉ được giải tỏa bằng cách thực hiện một tập hợp các hành vi cụ thể. Thật không may, bất kỳ cảm giác nhẹ nhõm nào cũng ngắn ngủi, đó là lý do tại sao hành vi phải được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần. Những người mắc OCD biết hành vi của họ là phi lý, nhưng cảm thấy bất lực để dừng lại.

Các phương pháp điều trị phổ biến là thuốc chống trầm cảm hoặc liệu pháp hành vi với một nhà tâm lý học, nhưng chỉ 60% bệnh nhân cho thấy chút cải thiện. Tuy nhiên, một phương pháp điều trị mới từ Mỹ đang mang lại hy vọng mới cho những người mắc bệnh.

Một trong những bậc thầy về thần kinh và bác sĩ phẫu thuật thần kinh OCD, Jeffrey Schwartz, đã thiết kế chương trình Bốn bước sử dụng các giáo lý thiền với mục đích dạy cho những người mắc bệnh tự kiểm soát các triệu chứng của họ. Schwartz giải thích "Mục tiêu là học cách dừng các thông điệp não sai lại."

Có những lý thuyết khác nhau về những gì gây ra rối loạn. Hầu hết các chuyên gia nhận ra một yếu tố di truyền có thể được gây ra bởi một sự kiện căng thẳng. Schwartz tin rằng "mạch lo lắng" của OCD là kết quả trực tiếp của hóa học não bị lỗi. "Khi ai đó trải qua một suy nghĩ OCD, một phần của bộ não biết khá rõ rằng bàn tay không hề bẩn", Schwartz giải thích. "Một phần của bộ não đang đứng ngoài các triệu chứng, phản ánh tất cả sự kỳ quái của nó. Mục tiêu là khai thác "khán giả" vô tư này để bệnh nhân có thể sử dụng phần não khỏe mạnh này để chống lại sự ép buộc."

David Smith rất vui mừng với kết quả điều trị của Schwartz. "Bây giờ tôi có thể ký séc mà không gặp vấn đề gì", anh ấy nói rành rọt. "Và tôi cũng không sao chép chúng. OCD từng cảm thấy như một sự kỳ thị lớn, nhưng tôi không còn cảm thấy bất lợi bởi nó nữa. Bạn chỉ cần đối phó với nó."

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