Thứ sáu, 15/11/2024
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Câu hỏi:

19/07/2024 5,321

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

A leading question among anthropologists is: what exactly led to the development of human cities? Basically, modern humans have existed on earth for over 100,000 years. Yet it is only in the last 8,000 years that they have begun to gather in significant numbers and form cities. Prior to that period, humans existed in small family or tribal groups, generally consisting of fewer than 100 individuals. What, then, led humans to make the dramatic shift from living in small groups to living in large, organized cities? It seems that the development of cities required a particular set of circumstances.

First, it required a minimum population density. For much of their early history, humans existed only in small numbers. This is due to the fact that early humans relied on hunting and gathering wild foods for their survival. Even the most fertile land would only support a relatively small number of predators, so it was not until humans began to practice agriculture that they were able to gather in large enough numbers to form cities.

Furthermore, the development of a city could only be possible if a large number of people shared a common language, culture and religion. Without such unifying factors, a cooperative, peaceful existence among large numbers of people would have been impossible.

Finally, it seems that early humans needed to be faced with a large problem, which one small group of individuals could not solve on its own. Only when large-scale cooperation was needed to overcome a problem would humans come together to form cities

Which of the following is NOT needed for the development of a city?

A. a shared culture 

B. people’s gathering 

C. peaceful existence 

Đáp án chính xác

D. large-scale collaboration 

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn C

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Cái nào sau đây không cần thiết cho sự phát triển của thành phố?

  A. Một nền văn hóa chung                        

B. Việc tập trung của con người

  C. Việc cùng chung sống hòa bình            

D. Sự hợp tác quy mô lớn

Thông tin: Furthermore, the development of a city could only be possible if a large number of people shared a common language, culture and religion. Without such unifying factors, a cooperative, peaceful existence among large numbers of people would have been impossible.

Only when large-scale cooperation was needed to overcome a problem would humans come together to form cities.

Tạm dịch: Hơn thế nữa, sự phát triển của một thành phố chỉ có thể xảy ra nếu một lượng lớn cư dân có chung một ngôn ngữ, văn hóa và tôn giáo. Nếu không có các yếu tố thống nhất như vậy, một tập thể, việc cùng chung sống hòa bình giữa những lượng lớn cư dân là không thể.

Chỉ khi cần phải hợp tác quy mô lớn để vượt qua vấn đề thì con người mới tập trung lại để tạo dựng những thành phố.

Dịch bài đọc:

Một câu hỏi hàng đầu giữa các nhà nhân chủng học là: chính xác điều gì dẫn đến sự phát triển của các thành phố của con người? Về cơ bản, con người hiện tại đã tồn tại trên trái đất hơn 100,000 năm. Tuy nhiên chỉ trong 8,000 năm đã qua thì họ mới bắt đầu tập trung với số lượng đáng kể và tạo dựng các thành phố. Trước thời kỳ này, con người tồn tại trong những gia đình nhỏ hoặc các nhóm bộ tộc, thường bao gồm ít hơn 100 cá nhân. Vậy điều gì, sau đó, dẫn dắt con người tạo ra sự thay đổi mạnh mẽ từ việc sống trong các nhóm nhỏ sang sống trong các thành phố lớn, có tổ chức? Dường như sự phát triển của các thành phố đòi hỏi một chuỗi cụ thể những hoàn cảnh.

Lúc đầu, nó đòi hỏi một mật độ dân số tối thiểu. Trong phần lớn lịch sử ban đầu của con người, con người chỉ tồn tại với các nhóm số lượng nhỏ. Điều này do thực tế con người thời kì đầu phụ thuộc vào việc săn bắn và hái lượm thức ăn hoang dã để sống sót. Ngay cả vùng đất màu mỡ nhất cũng chỉ hỗ trợ cho một số lượng động vật ăn thịt tương đối nhỏ, vì vậy mãi đến khi con người bắt đầu canh tác nông nghiệp thì họ mới có thể tập trung số lượng đủ lớn để tạo nên những thành phố.

Hơn thế nữa, sự phát triển của một thành phố chỉ có thể xảy ra nếu một lượng lớn cư dân có chung một ngôn ngữ, văn hóa và tôn giáo. Nếu không có các yếu tố thống nhất như vậy, một tập thể, việc cùng chung sống hòa bình giữa những lượng lớn cư dân là không thể.

Cuối cùng, dường như con người cần phải đối mặt với một vấn đề lớn hơn, cái mà một nhóm nhỏ cá nhân không thể tự giải quyết. Chỉ khi cần phải hợp tác quy mô lớn để vượt qua vấn đề thì con người mới tập trung lại để tạo dựng những thành phố

Câu trả lời này có hữu ích không?

0

CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1:

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 29

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Câu 2:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Nature has always provided a stimulus for inventive minds. Early flying machines clearly were an attempt to emulate the freedom of birds. Architects and engineers have often consciously modeled buildings on forms found in nature. A more recent example of the inspiration given by nature is the invention of Velcro®. The inventor of this now common fastening device noticed that small burrs attached to his dog's coat grasped the hairs by means of tiny hooks. This led him to invent a synthetic fabric whose surfaces mimic the clasping properties of this natural seedpod.

Animals and plants have evolved solutions to the kinds of problems that often interest engineers and designers. Much current research in material science is concerned with actively examining the natural world, especially at the molecular level, for inspiration to develop materials with novel properties. This relatively new field of study is sometimes known as biomimetics, since it consciously attempts to mimic nature.

Researchers have investigated several interesting areas. For example, they have studied how the molecular structure of antler bone contributes to its amazing toughness, how the skin structure of a worm contributes to its ability to crawl, how the sea cucumber softens its skeleton and changes shape so that it can squeeze through tiny gaps in rocks, or what gives wood its high resistance to impact. These investigations have led to several breakthroughs in the development of composite materials with remarkable properties.

Predictions for future inventions that may be developed from these lines of research include so-called smart structures that design and repair themselves in a similar way to a variety of processes in the natural world. For example, engineers have envisaged bridges that would detect areas heavily stressed by vehicle movement or wind. The bridge structure would then automatically add or move material to the weak areas until the stress is reduced. The same principle might be used to repair damaged buildings. Other new materials that have been imagined are substances that would copy photosynthesis in green plants in order to create new energy sources. The potential impact of biomimetic research is so great that the twenty-first century may come to be known as the "Age of Materials."

 

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Câu 3:

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 25

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Câu 4:

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 28

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Câu 5:

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 27

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Câu 6:

Read the following passage and mark the letter Ay B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.

Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren’t we able to sort out our problems without seeking to get (25)______ with those who have hurt us? Apparently, we are (26)______ experiencing a deeply rooted part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from the brain’s limbic system, the most primitive part of the brain and one that we share with all animals. (27)______, when someone confronts us, we often prefer attacking verbally or physically rather than try to work out a solution together.

However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved cerebral cortex which allows us to plan and analyse – and this can make revenge more than just a(n) (28) ______ reaction. A person who feels they have been wronged may even enjoy planning a creative and appropriate act of revenge. Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a positive move, allowing you to work through your negative emotions. However, it can also be dangerous, and you may risk finding yourself in a situation (29)______ rapidly gets out of hand

Điền ô 26

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Câu 7:

Most teachers tend to detest ______ during classes

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Câu 8:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

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Câu 9:

Playing video games may distract often students from schoolwork.

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Câu 10:

It seems that the deal was made behind closed doors as no one had any clue about it

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Câu 11:

A scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information

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John could not talk to you when you phoned him yesterday as he ______ a bath

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Câu 13:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

A leading question among anthropologists is: what exactly led to the development of human cities? Basically, modern humans have existed on earth for over 100,000 years. Yet it is only in the last 8,000 years that they have begun to gather in significant numbers and form cities. Prior to that period, humans existed in small family or tribal groups, generally consisting of fewer than 100 individuals. What, then, led humans to make the dramatic shift from living in small groups to living in large, organized cities? It seems that the development of cities required a particular set of circumstances.

First, it required a minimum population density. For much of their early history, humans existed only in small numbers. This is due to the fact that early humans relied on hunting and gathering wild foods for their survival. Even the most fertile land would only support a relatively small number of predators, so it was not until humans began to practice agriculture that they were able to gather in large enough numbers to form cities.

Furthermore, the development of a city could only be possible if a large number of people shared a common language, culture and religion. Without such unifying factors, a cooperative, peaceful existence among large numbers of people would have been impossible.

Finally, it seems that early humans needed to be faced with a large problem, which one small group of individuals could not solve on its own. Only when large-scale cooperation was needed to overcome a problem would humans come together to form cities

What is the passage mainly about? 

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Câu 15:

The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a(n) ______ where poaching is prohibited

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