Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent solar time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was instituted to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to normal daylight.
Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his tenure as an American delegate in Paris in 1984 and wrote about it extensively in his essay, "An Economical Project." It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the economist, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.
In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds of many houses were closed on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce introduced a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory to adjust the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. Eventually, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.
The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and preserve and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised five time zones throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on "the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich" (England). In 1919, this act was repealed.
President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state adopted its own DST, which proved to be disconcerting to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon extended DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was modified in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).
Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Lyndon Johnson and the Uniform Time Act
B. The History and Rationale of Daylight Saving Time
C. The U.S. Department of Transportation and Daylight Saving Time
D. Daylight Saving Time in the United States
Đáp án D
Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu
Giải thích:
Câu nào sau đây sẽ là tiêu đề tốt nhất cho đoạn văn này?
A. Lyndon Johnson và Đạo Luật về thống nhất thời gian
B. Lịch sử và lý do của Giờ tiết kiệm ánh sáng
C. Bộ Giao thông vận tải Hoa Kỳ và Giờ tiết kiệm ánh sáng
D. Giờ tiết kiệm ánh sáng tại Hoa Kỳ
Dịch bài đọc:
Trong nhiều thế kỷ, thời gian được đo bằng vị trí của mặt trời với việc sử dụng đồng hồ mặt trời. Buổi trưa được nhận biết khi mặt trời ở cao nhất trên bầu trời, và các thành phố sẽ đặt đồng hồ vào thời điểm mặt trời rõ ràng này, mặc dù một số thành phố thường có thời gian khác nhau một chút. Giờ Tiết kiệm Ánh sáng (DST), đôi khi được gọi là thời gian mùa hè, được thiết lập để sử dụng tốt hơn ánh sáng ban ngày. Do đó, đồng hồ được thiết lập chạy nhanh một giờ vào mùa xuân để di chuyển một giờ ánh sáng ban ngày từ buổi sáng đến buổi tối và sau đó đặt quay lại một giờ vào mùa thu để trở về ánh sáng ban ngày bình thường.
Benjamin Franklin lần đầu tiên hình thành ý tưởng tiết kiệm ánh sáng ban ngày trong nhiệm kỳ của mình như một đại biểu người Mỹ ở Paris vào năm 1984 và đã viết về nó rất nhiều trong bài viết của mình, "Một dự án kinh tế". Người ta nói rằng Franklin dậy sớm vào một buổi sáng và ngạc nhiên khi thấy ánh sáng mặt trời tại một giờ như vậy. Luôn luôn là nhà kinh tế học, Franklin tin rằng việc thực hiện việc di chuyển thời gian có thể tiết kiệm được việc sử dụng nến, vì nến rất đắt vào thời đó.
Tại Anh, người thợ xây dựng William Willett (1857-1915) đã trở thành người ủng hộ mạnh mẽ Giờ Tiết kiệm Ánh sáng khi nhận thấy mành cuốn của nhiều ngôi nhà đóng kín vào một buổi sáng nắng sớm. Willet tin rằng tất cả mọi người, kể cả chính mình, sẽ đánh giá cao những giờ ánh sáng vào buổi tối. Năm 1909, Sir Robert Pearce đã giới thiệu một dự luật trong Hạ viện để bắt buộc phải điều chỉnh đồng hồ. Một dự luật đã được soạn thảo và đưa vào Nghị viện nhiều lần nhưng đã gặp phải sự phản đối lớn, chủ yếu từ nông dân. Cuối cùng, vào năm 1925, người ta quyết định rằng thời gian mùa hè nên bắt đầu vào ngày sau ngày thứ 7 thứ ba của tháng 4 và kết thúc sau ngày thứ 7 đầu tiên của tháng 10.
Quốc hội Hoa Kỳ đã thông qua Đạo luật Thời gian Chuẩn năm 1918 để thiết lập thời gian chuẩn và bảo toàn và đặt Giờ Tiết kiệm Ánh sáng trên khắp lục địa. Hành động này cũng đã lập ra năm múi giờ trên khắp Hoa Kỳ: Đông, Trung Bộ, miền núi, Thái Bình Dương và Alaska. Múi thời gian đầu tiên được đặt vào "thời gian thiên văn trung bình ở độ cao 70 độ kinh Tây từ Greenwich" (Anh). Năm 1919, hành động này đã bị bãi bỏ.
Tổng thống Roosevelt đã thiết lập Giờ Tiết kiệm Ánh sáng quanh năm (còn gọi là War Time) từ năm 1942- 1945. Tuy nhiên, sau thời kỳ này, mỗi tiểu bang đã thông qua DST của riêng mình, điều này gây lúng túng đối với phát thanh truyền hình và phát thanh. Năm 1966, Tổng thống Lyndon Johnson đã thành lập Bộ Giao thông vận tải và ký kết Đạo luật Thống nhất Thời gian. Do đó, Sở Giao thông vận tải đã được giao trách nhiệm về luật thời gian. Trong thời kỳ cấm vận dầu mỏ và khủng hoảng năng lượng những năm 1970, Tổng thống Richard Nixon đã mở rộng DST thông qua Đạo luật về Tiết kiệm ánh sáng ban ngày năm 1973 để tiết kiệm năng lượng hơn nữa. Luật này được sửa đổi vào năm 1986, và Giờ Tiết kiệm Ánh sáng được đặt lại bắt đầu vào Chủ Nhật đầu tiên vào tháng Tư (đến mùa xuân sắp tới) và kết thúc vào Chủ Nhật cuối cùng vào tháng Mười (mùa thu trước đó).
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
21st CENTURY TEACHERS: INEVITABLE CHANGES
21st century teachers need to serve as a guide or mentor for their students, not as the all- knowing sage providing them with everything they need. Nowadays, with so much access (21) ______ resources of all kinds, children invariably know more than teachers on different topics, step ahead of the technology. Teachers need to be empowered as facilitators for learning, so that they can empower their students in (22) ______. This shift is great news for teachers. Instead of struggling to give kids all the information in areas (23) ______they know little about, teachers can support students as they make their own steps into different fields. It’s about preparing them to go beyond their seniors, ensuring they have the skills to do it, and assisting them along the way.
(24) ______, teachers need to be forward-thinking, curious and flexible. They must be learners: learning new teaching methods, and learning alongside their students. Simply asking questions like “What will my students need dozens of years from now?” or “How can I help give them those skills?” can change teachers' (25) ______, make them a leader, and bring about changes in the classroom, school and community.
Điền vào ô 25
John's ______ and efficiency at the company led to his promotion to Sales Manager.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
21st CENTURY TEACHERS: INEVITABLE CHANGES
21st century teachers need to serve as a guide or mentor for their students, not as the all- knowing sage providing them with everything they need. Nowadays, with so much access (21) ______ resources of all kinds, children invariably know more than teachers on different topics, step ahead of the technology. Teachers need to be empowered as facilitators for learning, so that they can empower their students in (22) ______. This shift is great news for teachers. Instead of struggling to give kids all the information in areas (23) ______they know little about, teachers can support students as they make their own steps into different fields. It’s about preparing them to go beyond their seniors, ensuring they have the skills to do it, and assisting them along the way.
(24) ______, teachers need to be forward-thinking, curious and flexible. They must be learners: learning new teaching methods, and learning alongside their students. Simply asking questions like “What will my students need dozens of years from now?” or “How can I help give them those skills?” can change teachers' (25) ______, make them a leader, and bring about changes in the classroom, school and community.
Điền vào ô 23
To everyone's surprise, it wasn't in Bristol which he made his fortune, although that’s where he was born.
You and your big mouth! It was supposed to be a secret. You _____ her!
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) or phrase(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the bold and underlined word(s) or phrase(s) in each of the following questions.
His girlfriend’s behavior at the party was unacceptable, which made everyone there shocked.
Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in the financial market last week.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose bold and underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
I much preferred it when we _____ to Wales every summer on holiday.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) or phrase(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the bold and underlined word(s) or phrase(s) in each of the following questions.
Wendy is on the horns of a dilemma: she just wonders whether to go for a picnic with her friends or to stay at home with her family.
Mr. Pike is certainly a______writer; he has written quite a few books this year.
“We gave them the money yesterday, but we haven't received a receipt yet, ______?’’ she asked her husband.
Despite their normal cylindrical form, some of the documents ______ on silk that were found at Mawangdui, an archaeological site in southeastern China, were folded into rectangles.
My cousin was nervous about being interviewed on television, but he ______ to the occasion wonderfully.
This might not matter with you, but some people are going to be negatively affected by this decision.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Just as you designate and separate your physical workspace, you should be clear about when you’re working and when you’re not. You’ll get your best work done and be most ready to transition back to the office if you stick with your regular hours. Plus, if your role is collaborative, being on the same schedule as your coworkers makes everything much easier.
“The biggest difference between working from home and working in the office is that you are in charge of your environment and have to treat yourself like an employee,” Yurovsky says. This means holding yourself accountable, but also recognizing when enough is enough, just as a good manager might. “If you feel yourself extending your work hours because you are not doing anything in the evening...tell yourself it’s time to put work away, recharge, and start tomorrow with a fresh mind. The work will be there in the morning.”
If you live with other people, this separation is even more critical. Communicate with the people whom you live with to establish boundaries so you can cut down on distractions during the workday—and then disconnect and give the people you care about your full attention. Having a separate time and space to work will allow you to be more present in your home life.
(Adapted from https://www.themuse.com/)
The word “whom” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Just as you designate and separate your physical workspace, you should be clear about when you’re working and when you’re not. You’ll get your best work done and be most ready to transition back to the office if you stick with your regular hours. Plus, if your role is collaborative, being on the same schedule as your coworkers makes everything much easier.
“The biggest difference between working from home and working in the office is that you are in charge of your environment and have to treat yourself like an employee,” Yurovsky says. This means holding yourself accountable, but also recognizing when enough is enough, just as a good manager might. “If you feel yourself extending your work hours because you are not doing anything in the evening...tell yourself it’s time to put work away, recharge, and start tomorrow with a fresh mind. The work will be there in the morning.”
If you live with other people, this separation is even more critical. Communicate with the people whom you live with to establish boundaries so you can cut down on distractions during the workday—and then disconnect and give the people you care about your full attention. Having a separate time and space to work will allow you to be more present in your home life.
(Adapted from https://www.themuse.com/)
What is the useful advice for those who work from home at night?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Just as you designate and separate your physical workspace, you should be clear about when you’re working and when you’re not. You’ll get your best work done and be most ready to transition back to the office if you stick with your regular hours. Plus, if your role is collaborative, being on the same schedule as your coworkers makes everything much easier.
“The biggest difference between working from home and working in the office is that you are in charge of your environment and have to treat yourself like an employee,” Yurovsky says. This means holding yourself accountable, but also recognizing when enough is enough, just as a good manager might. “If you feel yourself extending your work hours because you are not doing anything in the evening...tell yourself it’s time to put work away, recharge, and start tomorrow with a fresh mind. The work will be there in the morning.”
If you live with other people, this separation is even more critical. Communicate with the people whom you live with to establish boundaries so you can cut down on distractions during the workday—and then disconnect and give the people you care about your full attention. Having a separate time and space to work will allow you to be more present in your home life.
(Adapted from https://www.themuse.com/)
According to paragraph 1, if you work on the same schedule as your co-workers, your work may be ______.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Just as you designate and separate your physical workspace, you should be clear about when you’re working and when you’re not. You’ll get your best work done and be most ready to transition back to the office if you stick with your regular hours. Plus, if your role is collaborative, being on the same schedule as your coworkers makes everything much easier.
“The biggest difference between working from home and working in the office is that you are in charge of your environment and have to treat yourself like an employee,” Yurovsky says. This means holding yourself accountable, but also recognizing when enough is enough, just as a good manager might. “If you feel yourself extending your work hours because you are not doing anything in the evening...tell yourself it’s time to put work away, recharge, and start tomorrow with a fresh mind. The work will be there in the morning.”
If you live with other people, this separation is even more critical. Communicate with the people whom you live with to establish boundaries so you can cut down on distractions during the workday—and then disconnect and give the people you care about your full attention. Having a separate time and space to work will allow you to be more present in your home life.
(Adapted from https://www.themuse.com/)
The word “accountable” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.
Just as you designate and separate your physical workspace, you should be clear about when you’re working and when you’re not. You’ll get your best work done and be most ready to transition back to the office if you stick with your regular hours. Plus, if your role is collaborative, being on the same schedule as your coworkers makes everything much easier.
“The biggest difference between working from home and working in the office is that you are in charge of your environment and have to treat yourself like an employee,” Yurovsky says. This means holding yourself accountable, but also recognizing when enough is enough, just as a good manager might. “If you feel yourself extending your work hours because you are not doing anything in the evening...tell yourself it’s time to put work away, recharge, and start tomorrow with a fresh mind. The work will be there in the morning.”
If you live with other people, this separation is even more critical. Communicate with the people whom you live with to establish boundaries so you can cut down on distractions during the workday—and then disconnect and give the people you care about your full attention. Having a separate time and space to work will allow you to be more present in your home life.
(Adapted from https://www.themuse.com/)
Which best serves as the title for the passage?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion, (26) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that he once (27) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (28) ______ for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (29)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from (30) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
Điền vào ô số 30
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion, (26) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that he once (27) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (28) ______ for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (29)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from (30) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
Điền vào ô số 29
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion, (26) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that he once (27) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (28) ______ for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (29)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from (30) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
Điền vào ô số 28
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion, (26) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that he once (27) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (28) ______ for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (29)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from (30) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
Điền vào ô số 27
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the discovery of the three laws of motion, (26) ______ are still used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that he once (27) _____ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not, and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory, Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist (28) ______ for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (29)_______, this made no difference to Isaac, who refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from (30) ______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
Điền vào ô số 26