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Câu hỏi:

21/07/2024 1,816

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Homeopathy, the alternative therapy created in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, and now widely used all over the world, is based on the belief that the body can be stimulated to heal itself. A central principle of the “treatment” is that “like cures like”, meaning a subtance that causes certain symptoms can also help to remove those symptoms. Medicines used in homeopathy are created by heavily diluting in water the subtance in question and subsequently shaking the liquid vigorously. They can then be made into tablets and pills. Practitioners believe that the more a subtance is diluted in this way, the greater its power to treat symptoms.

However, in a new study, a working committee of medical experts at Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has claimed that homeopathic medicines are only as effective as placebos at treating illness. Their research, involving the analysis of numerous reports from homeopathy interest groups and the public, concluded that there is no reliable evidence that homeopathy works.

Moreover, researchers uncovered no fewer than 68 ailments that homeopathic remedies had failed to treat, including asthma, sleep disturbances, cold and flu, and arthritis.

As a result of the findings, the NHMRC is urging health workers to inform their patients to be wary of anecdotal evidence that appears to support the effectiveness of homeopathic medicine. “It isn’t possible to tell whether a health treatment is effective or not simply by considering the experience of one individual or the beliefs of a health practitioner,” says the report. Experts believe that most illnesses said to have been cured by homeopathy would be cured by the body on its own without taking the medicine. Apparently, many illnesses are short-lived by their very nature which often leads to people believing that it is the homeopathy that cures them.

A more serious matter is highlighted by Professor John Dwyer of the University of New South Wales. As an immunologist, he is concerned about homeopathic vaccinations on offer for diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, none of which he considers effective. According to Professor John Dwyer, the concept that homeopathic vaccinations are just as good as traditional vaccinations in delusion, and those who believe it are failing to protect themselves and their children

In Professor John Dwyer’s view, homeopathic vaccinations ________. 

A. may bring about bad consequences 

Đáp án chính xác

B. do harm to people’s health 

C. might be ridiculously expensive 

D. are better than nothing at all

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Chọn A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo quan điểm của giáo sư John Dwyer, tiêm chủng vi lượng đồng căn ________.

  A. có thể mang lại hậu quả xấu                 

B. gây hại cho sức khỏe con người

  C. có thể đắt một cách lố bịch                   

D. tốt hơn là không có gì cả

Thông tin: As an immunologist, he is concerned about homeopathic vaccinations on offer for diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, none of which he considers effective.

Tạm dịch: Là một nhà miễn dịch học, anh ta quan tâm đến việc tiêm vắc-xin vi lượng đồng căn để cung cấp cho các bệnh như HIV, bệnh lao và sốt rét, và ông không thấy cái nào đó hiệu quả.

Dịch bài đọc:

Vi lượng đồng căn, liệu pháp thay thế được tạo ra vào năm 1796 bởi Samuel Hahnemann, và hiện được sử dụng rộng rãi trên toàn thế giới, dựa trên niềm tin rằng cơ thể có thể được kích thích để tự chữa lành. Một nguyên tắc trung tâm của phương pháp điều trị là “lấy độc trị độc”, có nghĩa là một chất gây ra các triệu chứng nhất định cũng có thể giúp loại bỏ các triệu chứng đó. Các loại thuốc được sử dụng trong vi lượng đồng căn được tạo ra bằng cách pha loãng rất nhiều trong nước chất này vẫn chưa chắc chắn và sau đó lắc mạnh chất lỏng. Sau đó chúng có thể được chế thành dạng viên và dạng nén. Các học viên tin rằng chất này càng được pha loãng theo cách này, hiệu quả điều trị các triệu chứng càng lớn.

Tuy nhiên, trong một nghiên cứu mới, một ủy ban làm việc của các chuyên gia y tế tại Hội đồng Nghiên cứu Y tế và Sức khỏe Quốc gia Úc (NHMRC) đã tuyên bố rằng thuốc vi lượng đồng căn chỉ có hiệu quả như giả dược trong điều trị bệnh. Nghiên cứu của họ, liên quan đến việc phân tích nhiều báo cáo từ các nhóm liên quan đến vi lượng đồng căn và cộng đồng, kết luận rằng không có bằng chứng đáng tin cậy nào cho thấy vi lượng đồng căn hoạt động. Hơn nữa, các nhà nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra không dưới 68 căn bệnh mà các biện pháp vi lượng đồng căn đã không thể điều trị, bao gồm hen suyễn, rối loạn giấc ngủ, cảm lạnh và cúm và viêm khớp.

Kết quả của các phát hiện này là, NHMRC đang kêu gọi các nhân viên y tế thông báo cho bệnh nhân của họ cảnh giác với các bằng chứng không chính xác cái mà có vẻ ủng hộ hiệu quả của thuốc vi lượng đồng căn. Báo cáo cho biết, điều này có thể cho biết liệu điều trị sức khỏe có hiệu quả hay không chỉ đơn giản bằng cách xem xét kinh nghiệm của một cá nhân hoặc niềm tin của một người hành nghề y tế. Các chuyên gia tin rằng hầu hết các bệnh được cho là đã được chữa khỏi bằng vi lượng đồng căn sẽ tự được chữa khỏi bằng chính cơ thể mà không cần dùng thuốc. Rõ ràng, nhiều căn bệnh chỉ tồn tại trong thời gian ngắn bởi bản chất của chúng cái mà thường dẫn đến việc mọi người tin rằng chính vi lượng đồng căn chữa khỏi cho họ.

Một vấn đề nghiêm trọng hơn được nhấn mạnh bởi Giáo sư John Dwyer của Đại học New South Wales. Là một nhà miễn dịch học, ông quan tâm đến việc tiêm vắc-xin vi lượng đồng căn để cung cấp cho các bệnh như HIV, bệnh lao và sốt rét, không bệnh nào trong số đó coi là hiệu quả. Theo giáo sư John Dwyer, khái niệm tiêm chủng vi lượng đồng căn cũng tốt như tiêm chủng truyền thống là ảo tưởng, và những người này tin rằng nó không thể bảo vệ bản thân và con cái họ

Câu trả lời này có hữu ích không?

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CÂU HỎI HOT CÙNG CHỦ ĐỀ

Câu 1:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Most adults struggle to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have identified exactly when these childhood memories are lost forever. A new study into childhood amnesia has found that it tends to take (31) _______ around the age of seven. The rapid decline of memories persisting while children are five and six is owing to the change in the way memories are formed.

Before the age of seven, children tend to have an (32)________ form of recall with no sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early recollected events tend to be more adult like in their content and the way they are formed. Faster rate of forgetting in children and higher turnover of memories means early memories are less likely to survive. (33) ______, memories of younger children tend to lack autobiographical narrative leading to a process known as ‘retrieval induced forgetting’ (34) _______ the action of remembering causes other information to be forgotten. Consequently, if childhood memories can survive into the ninth or tenth year of life, they may stay a chance of (35) _______ it into adulthood

Điền ô 35

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 2,734

Câu 2:

Two students are chatting in the corridor after class.

Tim: “ We should make a slide show for our history presentation next week.”

Laura: “__________”

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 2,701

Câu 3:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 26 to 30.

Being repeatedly late may just be accidental – or could it show a deeply rooted psychological desire to express your own superiority? When I worked in an office, meetings would often start late, usually because of a certain individual. Then they would overrun and the whole day lost its shape. But the individual was high-ranking and self-important: nobody challenged. So what are the ethics of lateness?

There’s a psychotherapist called Irvin Yalom who argues that all behaviour reflects psychology. Just as people who like to be on time are motivated by certain deep-seated beliefs, so those who make others wait are acting out an inner agenda, often based on an acute sense of power. There’s famous footage in which Silvio Berlusconi kept Angela Merkel waiting while he made a call on his mobile. It speaks volumes.

But that is when all lateness is in one’s control. What about when your train is cancelled or your flight is delayed or you had to wait longer for the plumber to arrive? In such cases, there’s not a lot of psychology involved. Or is there? Some people will genuinely worry about the impact it will have on those left waiting, while others might secretly enjoy the power of their absence.

The essential fact is that lateness means breaking a convention – you can only be late in respect of a time agreed with other people. Regardless of psychology, it has a social value. And when we treat other people’s time as less valuable than our own, we treat them as inferior

What does the word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? 

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,888

Câu 4:

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Homeopathy, the alternative therapy created in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, and now widely used all over the world, is based on the belief that the body can be stimulated to heal itself. A central principle of the “treatment” is that “like cures like”, meaning a subtance that causes certain symptoms can also help to remove those symptoms. Medicines used in homeopathy are created by heavily diluting in water the subtance in question and subsequently shaking the liquid vigorously. They can then be made into tablets and pills. Practitioners believe that the more a subtance is diluted in this way, the greater its power to treat symptoms.

However, in a new study, a working committee of medical experts at Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has claimed that homeopathic medicines are only as effective as placebos at treating illness. Their research, involving the analysis of numerous reports from homeopathy interest groups and the public, concluded that there is no reliable evidence that homeopathy works.

Moreover, researchers uncovered no fewer than 68 ailments that homeopathic remedies had failed to treat, including asthma, sleep disturbances, cold and flu, and arthritis.

As a result of the findings, the NHMRC is urging health workers to inform their patients to be wary of anecdotal evidence that appears to support the effectiveness of homeopathic medicine. “It isn’t possible to tell whether a health treatment is effective or not simply by considering the experience of one individual or the beliefs of a health practitioner,” says the report. Experts believe that most illnesses said to have been cured by homeopathy would be cured by the body on its own without taking the medicine. Apparently, many illnesses are short-lived by their very nature which often leads to people believing that it is the homeopathy that cures them.

A more serious matter is highlighted by Professor John Dwyer of the University of New South Wales. As an immunologist, he is concerned about homeopathic vaccinations on offer for diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, none of which he considers effective. According to Professor John Dwyer, the concept that homeopathic vaccinations are just as good as traditional vaccinations in delusion, and those who believe it are failing to protect themselves and their children

According to the reading passage, homeopathic medicines are ______. 

Xem đáp án » 18/06/2021 1,107

Câu 5:

A heavy storm suddenly ______ when the children were playing happily in the park

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Câu 6:

The management committee will meet several times this week to reach _____ decisions about the future of the factory

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Câu 7:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

Using public transportation means not having to hunt for a parking space when you go downtown

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Câu 8:

It’s a shame that these two plans are ____ exclusive. Implementing one will automatically rule out the other

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Câu 9:

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions

When my parents got married, they paid for their car by monthly installments over two years

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Câu 10:

Lionel Messi was awarded the FIFA Golden Ball for a record fourth time in a row in 2013

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Câu 11:

I intended to spend a romantic weekend in Bali but the weather forecast was appalling enough to put me off

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Câu 12:

From my room on the sixth floor of the hotel, there’s a good _____ of the mountains

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Câu 13:

You shouldn’t work all the time. It ______ you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes

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Câu 14:

“Let’s give her more information about our plan next week,” said Michael

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Câu 15:

They aren’t allowed smoking in the house because of the bad smell

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