Since 1990, (71) _______ a result of their "Plant Extinction Prevention Program"

Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

      In the world today, particular in the two most industrialized areas, North America and Europe, recycling is the big news. People are talking about it, practicing it, and discovering new ways to be sensitive to the environment. Recycling means finding ways to use products a second time. The motto of the recycling movement is “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”.

      The first step is to reduce garbage. In stores, a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings. A hamburger from a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging: usually paper, a box and a bag. All that packaging is wasted resources. People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse cups and utensils. Another way to reduce waste is to buy high-quality products. When low-quality appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones - a loss of more resources and more energy. For example, if a customer buys a high-quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the manufacturer receives an important message. In the same way, if a customer chooses a product with less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers. To reduce garbage, the throw-away must stop.

      The second step is to reuse. It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in returnable bottles. After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the stores. The manufacturers of the drinks collect bottles, wash them, and then fill them again. The energy that is necessary to make new bottles is saved. In some parts of the world, returning bottles for money is a common practice. In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throw-away bottles.

      The third step being environmentally sensitive is to recycle. Spent motor oil can be cleaned and used again. Aluminum cans are expensive to make. It takes the same amount of energy to make one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours. When people collect and recycle aluminum (for new cans), they help save one of the world’s

precious resources.  

Which area is considered one of the most industrialized?

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

      Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned vehicles, along with breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer equipment, have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment for scientists doing research on the great oceans of the world. Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish, and their mental concentration was severely limited. Because undersea pressure affects their speech organs, communication among divers has always been difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers avoid the use of vulnerable human divers, preferring to reduce the risk to human life and make direct obervations by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples take from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Direct observations of the ocean floor can be made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines in the water and even by the technology of sophisticated aerial photgraphy from vantage points above the surface of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet. In addition, radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit data back to land-based laboratories via satellite. Particularly important for ocean study are data about water temperature, currents, and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution of sea ice, oil slicks, and cloud formations over the ocean. Maps created from satellite pictures can represent the temperature and the color of the ocean’s surface, enabling researchers to study the ocean currents from laboratories on dry land. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect, organize, and analyze data from submarines and satellites. By creating a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the enviroment.

       Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellites and computers than on research ships or even submarine vehicles because they can supply a greater range of information more quickly and more effectively. Some of humankind’s most serious problems, especially those concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.

With what topic is the passage primarily converned?

Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following sentences.

I couldn’t see what she was doing. It was so dark down there.

Read the following passage and choose the correct word for each of the blanks.

      Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they have been (66) _______ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (67) _______ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and (68) _______ plants.

      The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (69) _______ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (70) _______. Since 1990, (71) _______ a result of their "Plant Extinction Prevention Program", sixteen species have been brought into (72) _______ and three species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (73) _______ plants in the wild.

      In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (74) _______ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations and

where possible reintroduce species into (75) _______ .

Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences.

There are many researches show that various species of animals have been extinct.

            A                             B                                  C                         D