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Câu hỏi:

04/07/2024 388

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question. 

Although social changes in the United States were being wrought throughout most of the nineteenth–century, public awareness of the changes increased to new levels in the 1890's. The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers. These developments, in addition to the continued growth of cities, were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relatively isolated self–contained communities into an urban, industrial nation. The decade of the 1870's, for example, was a period in which the sheer number of newspapers doubled, and by 1880 the New York Graphic had published the first photographic reproduction in a newspaper, portending a dramatic rise in newspaper readership. Between 1882 and 1886 alone, the price of daily newspapers dropped from four cents a copy to one cent, made possible in part by a great increase in demand. Furthermore, the introduction in 1890 of the first successful linotype machine promised even further growth. In 1872 only two daily newspapers could claim a circulation of over 100,000, but by 1892 seven more newspapers exceeded that figure. A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible. 

But it was not newspapers alone that were bringing the new awareness to people in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Magazines as they are known today began publication around 1882, and, in fact, the circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that of newspapers in the period which followed. By 1892, for example, the circulation of the Ladies' Home Journal had reached an astounding 700,000. An increase in book readership also played a significant part in this general trend. For example, Edward Bellamy's utopian novel, Looking Backward, sold over a million copies in1888, giving rise to the growth of organizations dedicated to the realization of Bellamy's vision of the future. The printed word, unquestionably, was intruding on the insulation that had characterized United States society in an earlier period.

According to the passage, the expansion of popular journalism was linked to _______.

A. an increase in people's awareness of social changes

Đáp án chính xác

B. changes in the distribution system

C. greater numbers of journalists

D. a larger supply of paper

Trả lời:

verified Giải bởi Vietjack

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Theo đoạn văn, việc mở rộng báo chí phổ biến được gắn với _______.

A. sự gia tăng nhận thức của mọi người về những thay đổi xã hội

B. thay đổi trong hệ thống phân phối

C. số lượng lớn hơn các nhà báo

D. nguồn cung cấp giấy lớn hơn

Thông tin: The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers.

Tạm dịch: Nhận thức cộng đồng ngày tăng và càng gay gắt về những thay đổi xã hội đã diễn ra đôi khi gắn liền với sự phát triển khủng khiếp của báo chí phổ biến vào cuối thế kỷ XIX, bao gồm cả sự tăng trưởng về số lượng và lưu hành của cả báo và tạp chí.

Chọn A

Dịch bài đọc:

Mặc dù những thay đổi xã hội ở Hoa Kỳ đã xảy ra trong hầu hết thế kỷ XIX, nhận thức của công chúng về những thay đổi đã tăng lên cấp độ mới trong những năm 1890. Nhận thức cộng đồng ngày tăng và càng gay gắt về những thay đổi xã hội đã diễn ra đôi khi gắn liền với sự phát triển khủng khiếp của báo chí phổ biến vào cuối thế kỷ XIX, bao gồm cả sự tăng trưởng về số lượng và lưu hành của cả báo và tạp chí. Những phát triển này, ngoài sự tăng trưởng liên tục của các thành phố, là những yếu tố quan trọng trong việc chuyển đổi xã hội từ việc mang đặc điểm của các cộng đồng khép kín tương đối biệt lập thành một quốc gia công nghiệp, đô thị. Ví dụ, thập niên 1870 là thời kỳ số lượng báo chí tăng gấp đôi, và đến năm 1880, Tờ New York Graphic đã xuất bản bản sao hình ảnh đầu tiên trên một tờ báo, cho thấy sự gia tăng mạnh mẽ về số lượng người đọc báo. Chỉ riêng từ năm 1882 đến 1886, giá của tờ báo hàng ngày đã giảm từ bốn xu một bản xuống còn một xu, một phần có thể là do nhu cầu tăng mạnh. Hơn nữa, sự ra đời vào năm 1890 của máy in li–nô thành công đầu tiên hứa hẹn sẽ còn tăng trưởng hơn nữa. Năm 1872 chỉ có hai tờ báo hàng ngày có thể yêu cầu lưu hành hơn 100.000 bản, nhưng đến năm 1892, có thêm bảy tờ báo vượt quá con số đó. Một thế giới bên ngoài cộng đồng gần gũi đã nhanh chóng trở nên hữu hình. 

Nhưng không chỉ những tờ báo mang lại nhận thức mới cho người dân ở Hoa Kỳ vào cuối thế kỷ XIX. Tạp chí như chúng được biết đến ngày hôm nay đã bắt đầu xuất bản vào khoảng năm 1882, và trên thực tế, lượng phát hành của các tạp chí hàng tuần vượt quá các tờ báo trong giai đoạn tiếp theo. Đến năm 1892, chẳng hạn, số lượng phát hành của Tạp chí Ngôi nhà của Phụ nữ đã lên tới con số đáng kinh ngạc 700.000 bản. Lượng người đọc sách tăng cũng đóng một phần quan trọng trong xu hướng chung này. Ví dụ, tiểu thuyết không tưởng của Edward Bellamy, Nhìn về phía sau, đã bán được hơn một triệu bản vào năm 1888, làm tăng sự phát triển của các tổ chức dành riêng cho việc hiện thực hóa tầm nhìn của Bellamy về tương lai. Không nghi ngờ gì nữa, những từ ngữ được in, đang xâm nhập vào sự cô lập đặc trưng của xã hội Hoa Kỳ trong thời kỳ trước đó

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