What does the word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Water is our life source. It makes up 70% of our bodies, and the average person actually spends about six months of his life on the bath or a shower. But we are only now learning how to take care (1)______ water. Acid rain has polluted as many as 18,000 lakes. Our seas and rivers are (2)______, too. It is now very expensive to overcome the damage that has been done. (3)______, we have some hope for the future because some new sources of water have been discovered. People(4) _____live in Sahara have found fish swimming in deep underground streams. Many scientists also believe that there is a huge lake underneath London. If we have leant something from our (5)______, we should keep these new sources of water clean.

Many companies do not want to spend too much on waste ____ as the cost is really high.

Choose the option A, B, C or D which indicates the correct respond to each situation.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Along with the rapid growth of the national economy and increased living standards, the use of disposables and over-packaged products has become common, which causes a waste of resources, and brings about a negative impact on the environment. Many countries have started to act to control the use of disposables and over-packaged, products.
In 1994, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has put restrictions on packaging methods. Korea's legal regulations require businesses to restrict their use of disposable products by reducing unnecessary packaging materials or not giving them out to customers for free. The use of materials are difficult to recycle is also prohibited.
Thanks to development of technology, biodegradable materials were invented to produce packaging products. They are able to decay naturally by bacteria. Therefore, biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the environment. In 2008, biodegradable bags were put in use in most of the supermarkets in Korea. Paper cups and paper bags are also given to shoppers for free, but in a limited use.
The ministry also established the detailed Guidelines on the Restrictions of Use of Disposable Products in order to ensure that local governments could conduct systematic checks and inspections of businesses, and implemented reductions on over-packaged products during national holidays, and school admission and graduation seasons.
(Text adapted from h ttp://eng.me.go. kr/eng/web/index. do?menuld=383)

It is recommended that lack of resources being the first causes of urbanization.

Choose the option A, B, C or D which indicates the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.

The word 'poachers' used in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by which of the followings?

Choose the option A, B, C or D which indicates the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.

A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to _______, social and environmental aspects.

These days, most young people would like to look for ____ jobs rather than secure ones.

Choose the option A, B, C or D which indicates the word whose stress part is different from the rest.

He ___________ to his friend when he heard a noise.