Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an alternative energy source.

In the absence of adequate medical services, congestion and poor sanitation in big cities may cause health            .

National Geographic is one of the most influential magazines in the world. It came into being in 1899.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.

Culture shock is the loss of emotional balance, disorientation or confusion that a person feels when moving from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one. While it is a common experience, the degree to which it occurs will vary from one person to another. Individual personality, previous cross - cultural experiences, and language proficiency all affect a person's ability to interact socially in the new culture. The basic cause of culture shock is the abrupt loss of all that is familiar, leading to a sense of isolation. When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are re moved. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad - minded or good - willed he may be, this may be followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way.

First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: “The ways of the hots country are bad because they make us feel bad.”

Another aspect of culture shock in regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance, and everything becomes irrationally glorified. All difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. Common symptoms of culture shock include the following extremes. These are excessive concerns over delays and other minor frustration, fear of being cheated, robbed or injured or a desire to sleep more and a great longing to go home. Underlying all these is the uncomfortable feeling of not really belonging of being an outsider.

Culture shock is basically caused by            .

The monk insisted that the tourists            the temple until they had removed their shoes.

He           on his essay all day, but he           yet.

Right after the boy got out of his house, it started to rain heavily.

- Mai: “We’d better take a taxi rather than a coach as we go in a group.”

- Tom: “               .”

Some economists argue that new technology causes unemployment. Others feel that it allows more jobs to be created.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 25.

It is hard to imagine life in modern society (21)            smartphones. These handy little devices keep us entertained and enable us to manage important tasks on the go. Although smartphones feature powerful hardware, they wouldn’t be so useful without thousands of handy applications. Here are a few free and helpful apps that you can download to help you throughout the day.

If you have a habit of forgetting things and want to organize your life, give Evernote a try. It promises to help users remember everything. With a few clicks, you can send all of your photos, documents, and audio notes to Evernote. Then, your (22) _____ information can be stored in folders or tagged with useful keywords. When you need to access this data, you can perform a simple search and it will appear in seconds. SoundHound is (23) _____ that enables users to quickly identify songs by (24) _____ the app and holding their phone in the air. The app takes the song playing and compares it to thousands of other songs until it finds a match. Within seconds, it can tell you the name, artist, and album of the song you just heard. (25) _____ spectacular app is Lookout. Hopefully, you won’t have to use it often, but when you do need it. Lookout can be a lifesaver. Its main function is to help you find your phone if it goes missing. Lookout does this by using your smartphone’s data connection to locate your lost device.

It is hard to imagine life in modern society (21)            smartphones.

- Linda: “I feel nervous. I’ve got an exam today.”

- Peter: “               .”

As a teenager, he was uninterested in school – but became            in music, listening to a huge            of contemporary American music.

The older he grew, the more forgetful he became.

In the developing countries,             slums form both on the edges and within the largest cities.

In all social systems, there is a minority group which is looked           by others in that culture and kept           of mainstream society.

People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars.