Read the passage and choose the best option to answer each of the following questions

In 2018, Jonathan Tudge, a professor at the University of North Carolina, and his colleagues published a series of studies examining how gratitude develops in children across seven countries: the United States, Brazil, Guatemala, Turkey, Russia, China, and South Korea. They found some similarities across cultures, as well as some differences - an initial glimpse at how our early steps toward gratefulness might be shaped by larger societal forces.

First, they asked a group of children from 7 to 14 years old, “What is your greatest wish?” and “What would you do for the person who granted you that wish?” Then, they grouped the kids’ answers into three categories:

• Verbal gratitude: Saying thank you in some way.

•  Concrete gratitude: Reciprocating with something the child likes, such as offering the person some candy or a toy.

•  Connective gratitude: Reciprocating with something the wish-granter would like, such as friendship or help.

In general, as you might expect, children were less likely to respond with concrete gratitude as they got older. Younger and older kids expressed verbal gratitude at similar rates—although there were exceptions to these trends. (Brazilian children showed more verbal gratitude as they got older, while concrete gratitude didn’t decline with age in Guatemala and China—where it was fairly rare to begin with). And as children grew older, they expressed more connective gratitude in the United States, China, and Brazil.

Despite these age-related similarities, differences were still seen between countries. Overall, children in China and South Korea tended to favor connective gratitude, while kids in the United States leaned toward concrete gratitude. Children in Guatemala—where it’s common to say “Thanks be to God” in everyday speech—were particularly partial to verbal gratitude.

Such variations in how children respond to kindness may set the stage for how they talk, act, and feel when they get older.

1. Which of the following is NOT concerned with Tudge’s study?

Read the following passage and do the tasks below and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

One custom that gives insight into people’s history and values is the way they greet one another. There is a wide range of greetings around the world. These range from the common handshake to other strange rituals found in some countries. Let’s take a look at how the simple action of greeting someone differs greatly from place to place.

In the United States and Canada, for example, a simple handshake or nod is the norm. The handshake has an interesting origin: it started long ago as a way of showing people that you weren’t carrying a weapon. Shaking the person’s right hand while looking him or her in the eye is the usual method. Handshakes are also common in other parts of the world, including Britain and Russia. In Russia, males grasp other men’s hands very strongly during the handshake. Handshakes are also how most people in New Zealand greet each other. However, the native Maori people of that country display more physical contact: they press their noses together in a sign of trust and closeness.

In other countries, such as France and Belgium, hugging and kissing are more common when two people meet. In those cultures, people kiss each other on the cheeks. The number of times varies depending on the particular country. In Saudi Arabia, men might hug and kiss each other (but not a woman) on the cheek. Men will also shake hands with other men there. In some Eastern countries, including Korea and Japan, bowing is the traditional greeting. In Japan, the deeper the bow, the deeper the respect shown. The strangest custom, though, is likely in Tibet. People there opt to stick out their tongue to greet others.

1. What is this reading mainly about?

Mateh each word with its suitable definition.

Write a short paragraph (120 - 150 words) about a Vietnamese cultural feature you are most interested in.

You can answer the following questions as cues:

• What is the cultural feature?

• What are its characteristics?

• What is your opinion about it?

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__________________________________________________________________

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_________is considered a necessary and compulsory step before the wedding. (ENGAGE)

Talk about advantages and disadvantages of working in the environment of cultural diversity.

You can answer the following questions as cues:

* What are the advantages of cultural diversity?

* What are the disadvantages of cultural diversity?

* What is your opinion about cultural diversity?

Useful languages:

Complete the notes:

Now you try!

Give your answer using the following cues. You should speak for 1-2 minutes.

1. Cultural diversity helps improve...

2. Another advantage is...

3. However,...

4. Cultural difference will also affect...

5. I think...                          

Now you tick!

Did you ...

q answer all the questions in the task?

q give some details to each main point?

q speak slowly and fluently with only some hesitation?

q use vocabulary wide enough to talk about the topic?

q use various sentence structures (simple, compound, complex) accurately?

q pronounce correctly (vowels, consonants, stress, intonation)?

That new building is even (tall) _________than the hotel next to it.

China has been known for its own_________cultural features and activities. (PRESTIGE)

It’s a bit_________to understand all ceremonies or festivals of a country. (COMPLICATE)