Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions

_________ of the shop, my friend Roger went in.

She had done more work in one day than her husband _________ in three days.

He refused to give up work , _________he’d won a million pounds.

Man: “He was right!”  

Woman: “Oh, I know! I really wish I _________ his advice!”

The mother said by her_________ child’s beside all night.

Strong protests were made, _________ with demands for an international enquiry

The car burst into_________ but the driver managed to escape.

The bank won’t lend you the money without some_________ that you will pay it back.

The job requires a(n) _________ for hard word in difficult conditions.

Of all the paintings in the gallery, it was this one that really _________ my eye.

Please leave this space _________ on the enrolment form.

What a terrible thing to happen! Just think, if we _________the plane, we_________ in the crash

“Frankly, I couldn’t care less!” He said with a _________of his shoulders.

The Mallorys are the couple_________ .

Maria: “I’m taking the final examination tomorrow” Sarah: “_________”

It’s no use _________a language if you don’t try to speak it.

Thanks to Dr. Jones, I’m still alive! If it _________for her, I _________dead for certain!

The cheapest way to get from an airport to a hotel is to take an airport bus, but I’m not sure if River City has one. _________there is no airport bus, you can always take a taxi.

_________the difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) A number of large insurance companies (B) has (C) their headquarters in the (D) capital city.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) Could you mind (B) telling me the way(C) to the (D)  nearest restaurant?

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

(A) Modern art is on (B) display at the Guggenheim Museum, (C) the building with an (D) unusually design.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

For a long time, (A) this officials (B) have been known throughout the country (C) as political bosses and (D) law enforcers

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

An ambitious person (A) is committed to (B) improve his or her (C) status (D) at work.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

He was sacked on the spot because he showed his shortage of the basic knowledge

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Work efficiency has increased exponentially each year, thanks to computers and their ability to multitask

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Typing his boss’s correspondence consumed most of the secretary’s time.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Certain courses are compulsory, others are optional.

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

The lost hikers stayed alive by eating wild berries and drinking spring water.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

What is the main idea of this passage?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The word “excluded” is closest in meaning to_________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The word “that” refers to_________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in 1970s_________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The authors mentioned the “shoebox under the bed” in order to ________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The expression “keep tabs on” is closest in meaning to _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The word “hurdles” can be best replaced by _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because_________

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks.

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demand of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s were the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of woman entrepreneur”. What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen so they go out on their own”.

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” field: cosmetic and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK computer system, a $22- million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspaper keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzings in the years ahead.

The author’s attitude about the future of women in business is_________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 45

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 46

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 47

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 48

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 49

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 50

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 51

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 52

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 53

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 45 to 54.

POLAR BEARS

Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (45) _________ some other endangered animals, it’s not hunters that are the problem, it’s climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (46) _________ in size by about 30 percent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been (47) _________ and this is (48) _________ the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears’ home.

The polar bears’ main (49) _________ of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (50) _________in the ice. (51) _________ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (52) _________ do rely on the ice to hunt.

Polar bears also need sea ice to travel. They can (53) _________ a huge territory and often swim from one part of the ice to another. They have been known to swim up to 100km, but when there is less ice, they may have to swim further and this can (54) _________ fatal to the bears. A number of bears have drowned in the last few years and scientists believe that it is because they were not able to reach more sea ice before they became too tired and couldn’t swim any further.

Điền vào ô 54

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

What can be inferred by the phrase “legend has it” in paragraph 1?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

The word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

What can be inferred about the “Great American Desert” mentioned in paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

The word “barren” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

The word “preferred” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass mentioned in paragraph 2?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the western grasses?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil war (1861 – 1865) a government train carrying oxen travelling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The diver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat and healthy. How had they survived?

The answer lay in the resource that unknowing American lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

Who could imagine a fairy-tail grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

According to the passage, the cattle help promote the growth of the wild grass by _________