Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase provided from the box that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

founded ;found  ;conveys ;imparts ;directly

attention ;attendance ;than ;since  ;closely

Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be (25) ________ in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts (26) ________ , as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that (27) ________ the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber. Symbols are more difficult to describe (28) ________ either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre encourages performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being (29) ________ adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based on speech.