Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24.
The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.
A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family.
The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term “extended family” is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group.
Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20th century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all.
What can be inferred from the reading passage?
A. Indigenous communities have been completely eradicated all over the world.
B. In the future, all extended families will be replaced by nuclear ones.
C. Anthropology is a science concerning human race and its development.
D. Couples with no children can’t be defined as families.
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án C
Kiến thức: đọc hiểu
Tạm dịch: Có thể suy ra điều gì từ đoạn văn trên?
A. Các cộng đồng thổ dân đã được loại trừ hoàn toàn trên toàn thế giới.
B. Trong tương lai, tất cả các gia đình mở rộng sẽ được thay thế bằng các gia đình hạt nhân.
C. Nhân chủng học là một khoa học liên quan đến nhân loại và sự phát triển của nó.
D. Không thể định nghĩa cặp vợ chồng không có con là gia đình.
Thông tin: Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure.
Dịch bài đọc:
Sự khác biệt giữa gia đình hạt nhân và gia đình mở rộng là một gia đình hạt nhân chỉ một đơn vị gia đình cơ bản của cha mẹ và con cái của họ, trong khi gia đình mở rộng bao gồm cả người thân của họ như ông bà, bố mẹ, cô dì chú bác ... Trong nhiều nền văn hoá, và đặc biệt là các xã hội bản địa, loại hình thứ hai là hình thức phổ biến nhất của tổ chức xã hội.
Theo Kristy Jackson thuộc Đại học Bang Colorado, gia đình hạt nhân có giới hạn, cho một hoặc cả hai cha mẹ (ví dụ như cha và mẹ) và một đứa con của họ, hoặc nhiều đứa, sống chung trong một ngôi nhà hoặc nhiều ngôi nhà khác. Trong nhân chủng học, họ chỉ có liên quan theo cách này; không có giới hạn trên hoặc dưới đối với số con trong một gia đình hạt nhân.
Gia đình mở rộng là một thuật ngữ mơ hồ hơn nhiều, nhưng về bản chất đề cập đến thân nhân hoặc quan hệ không được định nghĩa ở trên. Trong lịch sử châu Âu và châu Á cũng như ở các nền văn minh Thổ dân ở Trung Đông, Châu Phi và Nam Mỹ, các nhóm gia đình mở rộng thường là đơn vị cơ bản nhất của tổ chức xã hội. Thuật ngữ có thể khác nhau trong các bối cảnh văn hoá cụ thể, nhưng nói chung bao gồm những người liên quan đến tuổi tác hoặc huyết thống. Về mặt nhân chủng học, thuật ngữ “gia đình mở rộng” dùng để chỉ một nhóm người sống chung trong một hộ gia đình, thường có ba thế hệ cùng sống chung với nhau (ông bà, cha mẹ và con cái) và đứng đầu trong các xã hội gia trưởng bởi người đàn ông nhiều tuổi nhất hoặc bởi người lãnh đạo được lựa chọn. Tuy nhiên, theo cách hiểu chung, thuật ngữ "gia đình mở rộng" thường được mọi người sử dụng để chỉ họ hàng, cô dì, chú bác,…, mặc dù họ không sống cùng nhau trong một nhóm.
Về mặt lịch sử, hầu hết mọi người trên thế giới đã sống trong các nhóm gia đình mở rộng hơn là trong các gia đình hạt nhân. Điều này thậm chí đúng ở châu Âu và ở Hoa Kỳ, nơi mà nhiều thế hệ cùng sống với nhau vì những lý do kinh tế. Trong thế kỷ 20, thu nhập trung bình tăng cao đủ để sống riêng vì các gia đình hạt nhân đã trở thành một lựa chọn khả thi đối với đại đa số người Mỹ. Ngược lại, nhiều xã hội bản địa và người dân ở các nước đang phát triển tiếp tục có nhiều thế hệ sống trong cùng một hộ gia đình. Sự gia tăng của gia đình hạt nhân ở phương Tây hiện đại không nhất thiết đồng nghĩa với việc sắp xếp gia đình cũng ổn định. Ví dụ, sự tăng trưởng nhanh chóng của các hộ gia đình độc thân cũng thể hiện một sự thay đổi đáng kể trong gia đình hạt nhân truyền thống. Nhiều đôi vợ chồng cũng không hề muốn có con.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24.
The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.
A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family.
The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term “extended family” is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group.
Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20th century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all.
According to the passage, single-parent households ______.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
People believe that Chinese people invented paper.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
He didn’t prepare well for his GCSE examination and he regrets it now.
Today, the old couple has their family and friends _____ their golden wedding anniversary.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24.
The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.
A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family.
The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term “extended family” is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group.
Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20th century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
It was on 12th April, 1961 when the first human, a Soviet cosmonaut, flew into space.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
We will have a fund-raising dinner at Rex Hotel tonight
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges.
Tung: “Your shoes are terrific, Tuan. The colour quite suits you.”
Tuan: “______”
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24.
The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization.
A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family.
The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern, African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term “extended family” refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term “extended family” is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group.
Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20th century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all.
The word “the latter” in paragraph 1 refers to ______
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 3 to 7.
Back in the 1960s and 1970s, the world was becoming more aware of the destructive effects of industry (3)______ the environment and people were starting to think seriously about ways of protecting the environment. One man who was particularly affected by this subject was Gerard Morgan-Grenville. As Morgan-Grenville travelled round earning his living as a gardener, he noticed signs of the damage that was being done to the countryside around him. It wasn't long before Morgan-Grenville decided that he had to do something about this situation. He felt that if people could be shown a better way of living then maybe they would be interested enough to try to protect their (4)_____ environment.
Mr. Morgan-Grenville decided to set up a project (5) ______ would prove what was happening to our surroundings and what could be done about it. So, in 1975, Morgan-Grenville created the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) in a village in Wales.
The main aim of CAT is to search for an ecologically better way of living by using technology which (6) _____ no harm to the environment. One of the most important things CAT did initially was to explore and demonstrate a wide range of techniques and to point out which ones had the least destructive results on the world around us. (7)____, CAT provides information and advice to people all over Britain and all over the world. If more and more individuals are informed about how much damage our modern lifestyle is causing to the planet, maybe more of them would be prepared to look for practical solutions to environmental problems.
Điền vào ô 3.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
