The strong progress in poverty reduction and sharing prosperity that took place over the first decade of the 2000s is at risk because of the global slowdown in growth.
Giải bởi Vietjack
Đáp án B
Câu trên liên quan đến kiến thức của hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ - thường được sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ tính ngữ rút gọn hoặc được sử dụng như một tính từ, đứng trước danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ. Trong đó, hiện tại phân từ thường được dùng trong các câu/ mệnh đề chủ động; hoặc dùng như một tính từ mang nghĩa chủ động còn quá khứ phân từ dùng trong các câu/mệnh đề bị động hoặc dùng với nghĩa bị động.
Để xác định xem trong câu sử dụng hiện tại phân từ hay quá khứ phân từ thì ta làm 3 bước.
Bước 1: Xác định tính từ đó bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ/ đại từ nào
Bước 2: Xác định xem tính từ đó được thành lập từ động từ nào
Bước 3: Trả lời câu hỏi xem danh từ/ đại từ mà nó bổ nghĩa có thực hiện hành động đó hay không, nếu câu trả lời là có → dùng hiện tại phân từ còn nếu câu trả lời là không → dùng quá khứ phân từ.
Quay trở lại câu hỏi, ta thấy trong câu có sử dụng cấu trúc song song với từ nối and, trước and là một danh từ → sau and cũng cần một danh từ → sharing đóng vai trò là tính từ, bổ sung ý nghĩa cho prosperity (n): sự thịnh vượng. Sharing được thành lập từ động từ share, mà prosperity thì không thể thực hiện hành động share được → không thể ở dạng hiện tại phân từ được mà sẽ ở dạng quá khứ phân từ. Vì vậy sharing prosperity cần sửa lại thành shared prosperity (= prosperity that/ which was shared)
Tạm dịch. Sự tiến bộ mạnh mẽ về xóa đói giảm nghèo trong 10 năm đẩu của thập niên 2000 đang bị đe dọa vì sự tăng trưởng chậm lại toàn cầu.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.
Harvard University, today recognized as part of the top echelon of the worlds universities, came from very inauspicious and humble beginning.
This oldest of American universities was founded in 1636, just sixteen years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. Included in the Puritan emigrants to the Massachusetts colony during this period were more than 100 graduates of England's prestigious Oxford and Cambridge universities, and these universities graduates in the New World were determined that their sons would have the same educational opportunities that they themselves had had. Because of this support in the colony for an institution of higher learning, the General Court of Massachusetts appropriated 400 pounds for a college in October of 1636 and early the following year decided on a parcel of land for the school; this land was in an area called Newetowne, which was later renamed Cambridge after its English cousin and is the site of the present-day university.
When a young minister named John Harvard, who came from the neighboring town of Charlestown, died from tuberculosis in 1638, he willed half of his estate of 1,700 pounds to the fledgling college. In spite of the fact that only half of the bequest was actually paid, the General Court named the college after the minister in appreciation for what he had done. The amount of the bequest may not have been large, particularly by today's standard, but it was more than the General Court had found it necessary to appropriate in order to open the college.
Henry Dunster was appointed the first president of Harvard in 1640, and it should be noted that in addition to serving as president, he was also the entire faculty, with an entering freshmen class of four students. Although the staff did expand somewhat, for the first century of its existence the entire teaching staff consisted of the president and three or four tutors.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Last weekend, my family went to the cinema together. We chose a(an) ___________to see.
The fire began in the tenth floor of the block of flat, but it soon spread to other floors.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
She looked active in___________.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Psychologists who study information processing have identified and described several memory structures that clarify how our memory works. They include the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Each structure varies as to how much information it can hold and for how long.
A description of how human process information typically begins with environmental stimuli. Our sense receptors are constantly stimulated by visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli. These experiences are initially recorded in the sensory register, so named because information is thought to be encoded there in the same form in which it was perceived. The purpose of the sensory register is to hold information one to three seconds. Information not recognized or otherwise selected by us disappears from the system. The sensory register can hold about twelve items of information at a time. Typists make extensive use of the sensory register in order to remember words just long enough to get them typed. If no further processing takes place, a typist’s ability to recall that information later is minimal. Similarly, most of us have had the experience of reading an entire page of text, only to discover when we got to the bottom of the page, we couldn’t say anything about it except that we had indeed “read” every word.
Once information has been recognized as meaningful, it is sent to short-term memory. In this case, short-term is approximately 20 seconds, while this may seem surprising, it can be easily demonstrated. If you were asked to dial an unfamiliar phone number, received a busy signal, and were then distracted by something or someone else for 15 to 20 seconds, chances are you would have forgotten the number at that point. Short-term memory is often referred to as “working” memory.
Most cognitive psychologists believe that the storage capacity of long-term memory is unlimited and contains a permanent record of everything an individual has learned and experienced. Information is encoded there to enhance its meaningfulness and organization so that it can be easily retrieved when necessary.
What is the purpose of the passage?
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
Mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Her explanation was clear. I didn’t understand it.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
In this world, emotion has become suspect- the accepted style is smooth, antiseptic and passionless.
“The suitcase isn’t too heavy, is it?” “No, it’s as light as___________.”
“Have you heard about the Welshman, the Irishman and a pig?” “Yes, we have. That joke’s as old as___________.”
