What does the word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Despite the wealth of information campaigns telling people about global warming and its causes, most people have (23) _______to realize how severe the problem is. Coming climate changes could alter as much as one third of plant and animal habitats by the end of the 22nd century. These changes could in (24) ____ cause widespread extinctions among plant and animal species around the globe.

Coastal and island habitats are perhaps in the greatest danger (25) _______ they face the combined threats of warming oceans and rising sea levels. As habitats change, many animals will come under intense pressure to find more suitable homes for themselves. Mass (26) ____ of at least some animals are certainly to be expected, but the fact remains that many animals will simply not be able to move fast enough.

Such dire predictions may sound alarmist, but they are based on the rather moderate estimate that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double by 2100. Many scientists believe, however, that this figure is actually very conservative, and they claim that a tripling is far more realistic. If they are (27) ____, the effects on nature will be even more dramatic.

(Source: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/climate)

_____ a cry whenever you have a feeling that you are in danger so that everyone could hear you and come to help immediately.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

As emissions increase, it trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to a period of unprecedented warming.

Of 30 countries inspected for airline safety, only 17 received a _________bill of health.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the option that best completes following exchanges.

- Hung: "I have thought of a way to save energy around the house!"

- Teacher: "________________!"

Most young people want to ____ an independent life without being influenced by anyone.

The word “fortify” in the last paragraph mostly means _____________.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

When I was young and idealistic I believed it was possible to change the world.

The company was strongly criticized for _________ large amounts of waste into the river.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Long gone but not forgotten are those carefree student days of shared showers, derelict rental properties and parties where the booze always ran out before midnight. Being a student was quite a privilege in the good old days when local authorities and the government footed the bill and there was almost certainly a job at the end of it.

In the early 1960s, only 4% of school leavers went to university, rising to around 14% by the end of the 1970s. Nowadays, more than 40% of young people start undergraduate degrees – but it comes at a cost. Today’s students leave with debts of £40,000 and upwards to pay back over their working lives.

So how has the student experience changed over the years? Parents looking back on their university lives are amazed at the luxuries their sons and daughters enjoy, such as en suite bathrooms, flatscreen TVs and leather sofas. Student accommodation has improved but rents have soared and take up a bigger whack of the living cost loans, leaving today’s undergraduates little better off than their parents.

They still party and have a good time, but students are working harder and more consistently, their parents believe. Partly, it is the move away from “big bang” finals to continuous assessment, they say, but also the pressure to get that all-important 2:1 or above degree classification. One-third of students were awarded firsts or 2:1s in 1970. Last year it was over two-thirds: 70%.

Today’s students are more career-orientated and under pressure to take on extracurricular activities, more responsibilities and work experience to compete in the graduate jobs market. Meeting people, making friends for life and discovering new interests: these are the things that have not changed for students who are following the same route to independence as their parents.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/)