Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 47.

Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicion with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.

One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.

While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Women who             due to marriage are not considerated to be              .

My aunt is a bit of a wet               . She’s always spoiling everyone’s fun.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 36.

Over a period of time, many habitats change with respect to the types of plants and animals that live there. This change is known as succession.

Succession occurs because plants and animals cause a change in the environment in which they live. The first weeds and grasses that appear on a bare field, for example change the environment by shielding the soil from the direct sunlight. As these plants spread, the ground surface becomes cooler and moisture than it was originally. Thus, the environment at the ground surface has been changed. The new surface conditions favor the sprouting of shrubs. As shrubs grow, they kill the grasses by preventing light from reaching them and also build up the soil in the area. In addition, they attract animals that also enhance the soil. Pine seedlings soon take hold and as they grow, they in turn shade out the shrubs. They are not able to shade out oak and hickory seedlings, however, they have found the forest floor suitable. These seedlings grow into large trees that eventually shade out the pines.

What is the best title of this passage?

She is a           girl with             .

We set off. Immediately after that, it began to rain.

Mark: “In the next round, we are going to present about the pros and cons of urbanization.”

Alex: “                ”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 26.

GREEN ENERGY

Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come from in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (21)            to generate electricity, but gasoline burned in a car’s engine to make it fun. Neither of these two sources is considered but gasoline is green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (22)            .

Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is called (23)             , this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that person (24)            that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us.

Wind power and solar power, (25)            harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left.

For example, coal may be burned in a power (21)             to generate electricity, but gasoline burned in a car’s engine to make it fun.

                 , water is required by all living things on Earth and life cannot survive without it.

Why does the author mention "industrialization" in the last paragraph?

You’re red in the face.              ?

Students use the library’s computers to get access             the Internet.

There will be a sharp              in the urban population of Africa Asia between now and 2050.

The necessary infrastructure often cannot               fast enough to keep up with residents’ needs.

The word "shielding" can be replaced by              .

In less developed countries,              slums form both on the edges and within the largest cities.