The word "it" in line 3 refers to

She went to the market without ______anything.

She is so absent-minded. She _____her cell phone three times.

It is essential that Mary _______speak English.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

INFLUENCES OF TELEVISION

Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made. Television, although not essential, has become a(n) (31)______part of most people’s lives. It has become a baby-sitter, an initiator of conversations, a major transmitter of culture, and a keeper of traditions. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer. The poor (32) _____of programs does not elevate people into greater (33) _____.The (34) ______reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship,(35) _____the advertisers had with radio programs, became the system for American TV.

Television, although not essential, has become a(n) (31)______part of most people’s lives.

Tom was wearing a suit, ______was unsuitable for an informal gathering.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underline is pronounced differently from the rest.

When I _____, the film _______so I couldn’t see its introduction.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

While most desert animals will drink water if confronted with it, for many of them the opportunity never comes. Yet all living things must have water, or they will expire. The herbivores find it in desert plants. The carnivores slake their thirst with the flesh and blood of living prey. One of the most remarkable adjustments, however, has been made by the tiny kangaroo rat, who not only lives without drinking but subsists on a diet of dry seeds containing about 5% free water. Like other animals, he has the ability to manufacture water in his body by a metabolic conversion of carbohydrates. But he is notable for the parsimony with which he conserves his small supply by every possible means, expending only minuscule amounts in his excreta and through evaporation from his respiratory tract.

Investigation into how the kangaroo rat can live without drinking water has involved various experiments with these small animals. Could kangaroo rats somehow store water in their bodies and slowly utilize these resources in the long periods when no free water is available from dew or rain? The simplest way to settle this question was to determine the total water content in the animals to see if it decreases as they are kept for long periods on a dry diet. If they slowly use up their water, the body should become increasingly dehydrated, and if they begin with a store of water, this should be evident from an initial high water content. Results of such experiments with kangaroo rats on dry diets for more than 7 weeks showed that the rats maintained their body weight. There was no trend toward a decrease in water content during the long period of water deprivation. When the kangaroo rats were given free access to water, they did not drink water. They did nibble on small pieces of watermelon, but this did not change appreciably the water content in their bodies, which remained at 66.3 to 67.2 during this period.

This is very close to the water content of dry-fed animals (66.5), and the availability of free water, therefore, did not lead to any "storage" that could be meaningful as a water reserve. This makes 35 it reasonable to conclude that physiological storage of water is not a factor in the kangaroo rat's ability to live on dry food.

What is the topic of this passage?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

I could see the finish line and I thought I was home and dry.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underline is pronounced differently from the rest.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

It's two years since she started learning English.

He always wears a(n) ______shirt to work as if he didn’t have any other one to change.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

I suggest that the doctor ______up his mind without delay.

She always goes home early to ______the children.