Industrial emissions, together with littering, is causing many problems in our large, industrial cities today.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Causes and Effects of Urbaisation

Urbanisation is growing in both less-developed and more developed countries. Urbanisation is the shift from a rural to an urban society, bring a large concentration of people in towns and cities. This process usually occurs when a nation is still developing. The trend toward urbanization is a worldwide phenomenon. The chief cause of global urbanization is the new economic opportunities it brings to people and governments; however, it has both positive and negative effects on society.

Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society as gigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources. Rapid housing construction leads to overcrowding and slums, which experience major problems such as poverty, poor sanitation, unemployment and high crime rates. Additionally, strains on important natural resources, such as water supply, leads to higher prices and general environmental sustainability problems.

Urbanization makes people dependent on others for basic necessities; urban-dwellers must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production, for instance, because city residents do not have enough land to grow their own food. Urban-dwellers suffer the psychological degradation that comes from depending on other people to accomplish the activities of daily life, from transportation to education to entertainment.

Urbanization offers real economic opportunities to people who would otherwise be destined to subsistence living without hope for economic improvement. There is an overall growth in commercial opportunities with urbanization, resulting in more profits and more jobs. As the economy grows, all of society benefits from internal improvements.

Urbanisation will be at the top when _____________.

The realisation that I had been swindled came much later.

=> Only ..................................................................................................................................

All of the folliwing are bad effects of urbanisation EXCEPT ___________.

Listen to the information about the 'best job in the world' competition and write the correct word to fill the gaps.

Question 36: Tourism Australia is offering six jobs, for six .

Question 37: If you want one of these job, you have to make a short .

Question 38: The job of outback adventurer is for someone with a passion for life.

Question 39: The wildlife caretaker job on Kangaroo Island is for someone who loves .

Question 40: The taste master will need to about food as well as enjoy eating it.