Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct to each of the questions from 29 to 33. 

     Recently fans of top soaps, dramas and reality shows in the USA have started to get angry about the number and frequency of the adverts in the middle of the programmes. Sometimes it seems that the adverts are more important than the programmes themselves. For example, American dramas aren't as long as they were in the past. Nowadays in the US, an hour-long drama lasts about 40 minutes, whereas in the 1980s the programmes lasted 48 minutes. The rest is adverts. 

     The ABC channel had slightly more adverts than other channels. But recently they've changed, which is even worse than before! Before, all their dramas had four sections. But now its producers separate each programme into six sections. Usually the first section is approximately ten minutes long. Then they have the first break. When people have watched a programme for ten minutes, it’s much less probable that they will stop watching or change channels. But then, in the next 45 minutes, there are four more commercial breaks.  Each break is about three and a half minute long. 

     All of this makes it much more difficult for dramas writers to write good stories. Quiet scenes make no impact because there are more and more adverts which are longer and longer. “It's OK for game shows or more exciting adventure series." says American TV producer David Kelley. “But for programmes that don't depend on violence or melodramatic scenes, it's more difficult to make a story with six sections. The only thing you can do is be more aggressive, cither with the music or the visual impact, just to attract people's attention after the adverts.” 

Which could be the best title of the passage? 

The commission estimates that at least seven companies took _______ of the program.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28. 

     The (24) _______ of COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health crisis, touching nearly all countries and communities across the world. The health impacts of COVID-19 are (25) _______and, rightly, in the forefront of our minds, across our media, and impacting people's lives and livelihoods across the world. 

     One of the most tangible outcomes of COVID-19 is the ever-increasing socio-economic gap between learners. Over 365 million children are missing out on important school feeding programmes, (26) _______ keep them healthy and motivated to learn. Moreover, families may be pushed to resort to negative coping mechanisms to meet their needs, including child labour or reducing the number and quality of meals at a time when staying healthy and keeping a strong immune system is particularly important. 

     Home learning may itself be a source of stress for families and learners, with pressure to take on new responsibilities. Many children are suffering from anxiety, living without access to the internet or (27) _______ means required to benefit from distance learning. Some older children are stressed about missing months of education (28) _______ they have to care for younger children in the home while parents and caregivers are working. 

They take their _______ children to the park every day. 

Please turn _______ the volume on the radio - it's far too loud! 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 

She's a very strict teacher. If any of her students step out of _______, she gets really angry.

David is talking about air pollution in their city. 

- David: "Too many vehicles on the streets cause not only air pollution but also many other problems.”

- Mary: “______________. Noise pollution and road accidents are becoming increasingly serious."

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 

She's finished the course, ________? 

“I will ring you up after I get home" Peter said to Mary. 

Jane is talking to Mary about her new handbag. 

- Jane: "What a fashionable handbag you have got, Mary!" 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.