Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.
It is estimated that by 2050 more than two thirds of the world's population will live in cities, up from about 54 percent today. While the many benefits of organized and efficient cities are well understood, we need to recognize that this rapid, often unplanned urbanization brings risks of profound social instability, risks to critical infrastructure, potential water crises and the potential for devastating spread of disease. These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed. The increased concentration of people, physical assets, infrastructure and economic activities mean that the risks materializing at the city level will have far greater potential to disrupt society than ever before.
Urbanization is by no means bad per se. It brings important benefits for economic, cultural and societal development. Well managed cities are both efficient and effective, enabling economies of scale and network effects while reducing the impact on climate of transportation. As such, an urban model can make economic activity more environmentally-friendly. Further, the proximity and diversity of people can spark innovation and create employment as exchanging ideas breeds new ideas.
But these utopian concepts are threatened by some of the factors driving rapid urbanization. For example, one of the main factors is rural-urban migration, driven by the prospect of greater employment opportunities and the hope of a better life in cities. But rapidly increasing population density can create severe problems, especially if planning efforts are not sufficient to cope with the influx of new inhabitants. The result may, in extreme cases, be widespread poverty. Estimates suggest that 40% of the world's urban expansion is taking place in slums, exacerbating socio-economic disparities and creating unsanitary conditions that facilitate the spread of disease.
The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. In each of these areas we find new risks that can best be managed or, in some cases, transferred through the mechanism of insurance.
A. Infrastructure and Economic Activities in Cities
B. The Risks of Rapid Urbanization in Developing Countries
C. What Has Driven Rapid Urbanization?
D. The Global Risks 2015 Report on Developing Countries
Giải thích:
Đâu là tiêu đề hay nhất cho bài đọc?
A. Cơ sở hạ tầng và các hoạt động kinh tế ở các thành phố
B. Rủi ro của quá trình đô thị hóa nhanh chóng ở các nước đang phát triển
C. Điều gì đã thúc đẩy đô thị hóa nhanh chóng?
D. Báo cáo Rủi ro Toàn cầu 2015 về các nước đang phát triển
Thông tin:
- These risks can only be further exacerbated as this unprecedented transition from rural to urban areas continues.
- How effectively these risks can be addressed will increasingly be determined by how well cities are governed.
Tạm dịch:
- Những rủi ro này chỉ có thể trở nên trầm trọng hơn khi quá trình chuyển đổi chưa từng có từ nông thôn ra thành thị tiếp tục diễn ra.
- Mức độ hiệu quả của những rủi ro này có thể được giải quyết sẽ ngày càng được xác định bởi mức độ quản lý của các thành phố.
Chọn B.
The expert says progress and economical development depend on educating children.
Harry had packed his luggage. After that, he loaded it into the car and set off for the airport.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.
The outbreak of COVID-19 is an unprecedented public health crisis, touching nearly all countries and (1) _______ across the world. The health impacts of COVID-19 are devastating and, rightly, in the forefront of our minds, cross our media, and impacting people's lives and livelihoods across the world. One of the most tangible outcomes of COVID-19 is the ever-increasing socio-economic gap between learners. Over 365 million children are missing out on important school feeding programmes (2) _______ keep them healthy and motivated to learn. Moreover, families may be pushed to (3) _______ to negative coping mechanisms to meet their needs, including child labour or reducing the number and quality of meals at a time when staying healthy and keeping a strong immune system is particularly important. Home learning may itself be a source of stress for families and learners, with pressure to take on new responsibilities. Many children are suffering from anxiety, living without access to the internet or other means required to benefit from distance learning. (4) _______ older children are stressed about missing months of education (5) _______ they have to care for younger children in the home while parents and caregivers are working.
As far as I can judge, she was completely unaware _______ the seriousness of the situation.
In both adults and children, the intake of free sugars should _______ to less than 10% of total energy intake.
(5) _______ they have to care for younger children in the home while parents and caregivers are working.
According to the passage, urban expansion facilitates the spread of disease because _______.