24 ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2019 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
24 ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2019 Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH(P4)
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31908 lượt thi
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50 câu hỏi
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40 phút
Danh sách câu hỏi
Câu 1:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Đáp án C. accompany, phát âm là /ʌ/, còn lại phát âm là /ə/
A. compulsory /kəm'pʌlsəri/ (adj) bắt buộc
B. comfortable / 'kʌmfətəbl/ (adj) thoải mái
C. accompany /ə'kʌmp9ni/ (v) đi cùng
D. welcome /'welkəm/ (v) chào đón
Câu 2:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Đáp án D. teleology, phát âm là /ti:li/, các phương án còn lại phát âm là /teli/
A. telecast (n) /'telikæst/ chiếu
B. telemetry (n) /te'limətri/ phép đo từ xa
C. telescope (n) / 'telɪskoʊp/ kính thiên văn
D. teleology (n) /,ti:li'ɑ:lədʒi/ thuyết cứu cánh
Câu 3:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
Đáp án A, trọng âm của từ career rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2, các đáp án còn lại trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu tiên.
A. career (n) /kə'rɪə(r)/ sự nghiệp
B. prospect (n) /'prɑ:spekt/ triển vọng
C. effort (n) /'efərt/ công sức, nỗ lực
D. labour (n) /'leɪbər/ lao động
Câu 4:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
Đáp án C, trọng âm của từ overtired rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3, các đáp án còn lại trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu tiên.
A. company (n) /'kʌmpəni/ công ty
B. vacancy (n) / 'veɪkənsi/ vị trí trống đang tuyển dụng
C. overtired (adj) /,oʊvər'taɪərd/ quá mệt mỏi
D. estimate (v) /'estɪmət/ ước tính
Câu 5:
Many places of history, scientific, cultural, or scenic importance have been designated national monuments.
Đáp án A. history => historical
Giải thích:
Để tạo cấu trúc song song cho các tính từ bổ sung cho danh từ importance, ta cần dùng tính từ của history là historical.
Dịch nghĩa: Nhiều địa danh quan trọng trong lich sử, khoa học, văn hóa và sân khấu điện ảnh đã được chọn làm công trình kỉ niệm quốc gia
Câu 6:
Some underground water is enough safe to drink, but all the surface water must be treated.
Đáp án B. enough safe => safe enough
Giải thích:
To be adj enough to V: đủ. . để làm gì
Dịch nghĩa: Một số nguồn nước ngầm đủ an toàn để uống nhưng lớp nước bề mặt cần được xử lí.
Câu 7:
When you are writing or speaking English, it is important to use language that both men and women equally the same
Đáp án D. equally the same =>equally
Giải thích: Vì equally và the same nghĩa tương đương nhau nên chỉ cần dùng một trong hai.
Dịch nghĩa: Khi nói hoặc viết tiếng Anh, việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ mà nhắc tới đàn ông và phụ nữ tương đương nhau rất quan trọng
Câu 8:
I'm sorry I snapped at you like that, but I'm in a bad ________.
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa: Xin lỗi vì đã tát bạn như vậy, chỉ vì tam trạng tôi đang tệ quá.
A. mind (n) ý nghĩ, đầu óc
B. mood: (n) tâm trạng
C. mentality: (n) tinh thần
D. manner: (11) cách thức, thái độ
Collocation: to be in goodfflad mood: tâm trạng tốt/tệ
Câu 9:
The accident _______ was the mistake of the driver
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
Vì câu đã có động từ was là vị ngữ nên phía trước chỉ cần một danh từ làm chủ ngữ dưới dạng mệnh đề quan hệ. Vì was chia ở quá khứ, vụ tai nạn cũng ở của quá khứ nên which causes phải sửa thành which caused mới đúng.
Tai nạn gây ra cái chết – dạng chủ động nên khi chuyển sang mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn ta dùng dạng
V_ing (causing) thay vì Vpp caused.
Dịch nghĩa: Vụ tai nạn gây chết nhiều người là do lỗi của tài xế
Câu 10:
All right, Johnny, it’s time you _______ to bed.
Đáp án D
Giải thích:
Cấu trúc It’s time somebody did something: Đã đến lúc ai đó làm gì ở hiện tại
It’s time to do something: Đã đến lúc làm gì ở hiện tại
Khi có người, ta phải chia ở quá khứ đã mang nghĩa ở hiện tại.
Dịch nghĩa: Được rồi, Johnny, đã đến lúc đi ngủ rồi
Câu 11:
There was _______ fuel in the car. Therefore, we had to stop midway to fill some
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
Little: ít (dùng cho danh từ không đếm được)
Few: ít (dùng cho danh từ đếm được số nhiều)
Khi thêm a vào trước little/ few thì vẫn có nghĩa là ít, nhưng vẫn đủ để dùng. Nếu không có a thì mang nghĩa là ít, không đủ dùng.
Dịch nghĩa: Chỉ còn ít xăng trong xe. Vì thế, chúng ta đã phải dừng giữa đường để đổ thêm
Câu 12:
My uncle wishes his son ________ much time when he grows up
Đáp án C
Giải thích: Mệnh đề thời gian dùng “when he grows up”, như vậy có thể suy ra cậu bé đó chưa lớn, việc “grow up” đó là ở tương lai. Ước một điều xảy ra trong tương lai, ta dùng cấu trúc wish S would V
Dịch nghĩa: Bác tôi ước rằng con trai của bác sẽ không lãng phí thời gian khi nó lớn
Câu 13:
My relative _______ you met yesterday is an engineer
Đáp án D
Giải thích: “Người họ hàng của tôi mà bạn gặp” thì người họ hàng chịu tác động bị động, nó là tân ngữ và ta dùng whom / that cho đại từ đóng vai trò tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Dịch nghĩa: Người họ hàng của tôi mà bạn gặp hôm qua là một kĩ sư
Câu 14:
I ________ you don't make as much profit this year!
Đáp án C
A. assure (v) đoán chắc là
Sau assure phải có tân ngữ: assure somebody (that).../ assure something/ assure somebody something
Cụ thề, nếu dùng assure phải viết là I assure you that you don’t...
B. challenge: (n, v) thách thức
C. bet: (v) nghĩ chắc là
Cấu trúc: bet (somebody) (that)
[không cần tân ngữ mà dùng ngay vế câu đằng sau cũng được]
D. doubt: (v) nghi ngờ là, không nghĩ là
Hiếm khi dùng hai phủ định doubt và don’t make trong cùng một câu.
Dịch nghĩa: Tôi nghĩ chắc là năm nay bạn sẽ không kiếm được nhiều lãi đâu
Câu 15:
In future, cars will still be _________ us, but, instead of petrol, they will run ________anything from electricity to methane gas
15 Đáp án D
Giải thích:
to be with us: ở cùng, có mặt với chúng ta
to be for us: dành cho chúng ta
run on something: chạy bằng nhiên liệu gì
Dịch nghĩa: Trong tương lai, ôtô sẽ vẫn còn được dùng, nhưng thay vì xăng, chúng sẽ chạy bằng điện đến khí metan
Câu 16:
Could you _______ a moment while I see if Peter is in his office?
Đáp án C
Giải thích:
A. get on = get on well: có quan hệ tốt với ai
C. hold on: chờ
D. stand on: đứng lên
Dịch nghĩa: Bạn có thể chờ một lúc trong khi tôi đi xem Peter có ở văn phòng không?
Câu 17:
For me, the film didn't ________ all the enthusiastic publicity it received
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
Live up to: xứng đáng với, đạt đến mong ước
Dịch nghĩa: Với tôi, bộ phim không được hay như những gì mà công chúng mong đợi
Câu 18:
Nowadays, most students use _______ calculators in their studies and examinations
Đáp án D
Giải thích:
A. electrical (adj) thuộc về điện, chạy bằng điện
B. electric (adj) thuộc về điện, chạy bằng điện
C. electrified (adj) bị điện hóa
D. electronic (adj) thuộc về điện tử
Dịch nghĩa: Ngày nay, hầu hết các học sinh đều dùng máy tính điện tử trong học tập và kiểm tra
Câu 19:
Lan: "She seems ______ for the job". - Hoa: "Yes. Everybody thinks she's perfectly suited for it."
Đáp án C
Giải thích:
A. ready-made: chuẩn bị sẵn
B. home-made: làm tại nhà
C. tailor-made: rất phù hợp
D. self-made: tự làm nên thành công, giàu có, không phải do được cho mà có.
Dịch nghĩa: Lan: Cô ấy có vẻ phù hợp với công việc này.
Hoa: Đúng Vậy. Ai cũng nghĩa cô ấy hoàn toàn phù hợp
Câu 20:
Daisy: “Would you mind getting me a cup of coffee?”
John: “_____________.”
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
A. Cream and sugar, please: Kem và đường nhé.
B. It’s my pleasure: Đó là niềm hân hạnh của tôi.
C. No, thanks: Không, cảm ơn
D. I never drink coffee: tôi không bao giờ uống cà phê.
Would you mind V_ing? Bạn có phiền không ...? (Dùng để đưa ra đề nghị)
Dịch nghĩa:
Bạn có phiền khi pha cho tôi một tách cà phê không? - Đó là hân hạnh của tôi
Câu 21:
Ann: I'm very sorry for letting you wait for so long.
Bill: _____________.
Đáp án A
Giải thích:
A. Don’t apologize. I’ve just arrived here. Đừng xin lỗi. Tớ cũng vừa đến.
B. You’re welcome. Không có gì (Dùng để đáp lại lời cảm ơn)
C. It’s doesn’t matter. Thank you. Không sao. Cảm ơn.
D. My pleasure. Don’t worry about it. Niềm hân hạnh của tôi. Đừng lo về điều đó
Câu 22:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word/phrases SIMILAR in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
When you see your teacher approaching you, a slight wave to attract his attention is appropriate
Đáp án C
Giải thích:
Approach (v) đến gần
A. catching sight of: bắt gặp
B. pointing at: chỉ vào
C. coming nearer to: đến gần
D. looking up to: ngưỡng mộ
Dịch nghĩa: Khi bạn thấy giáo viên đến gần bạn, một cái vẫy tay nhẹ để thu hút sự chú ý của cô là điều cần thiết
Câu 23:
Before he went on vacation, Peter left explicit instructions for the decoration of his office.
Đáp án A
Giải thích:
Explicit: (adj) rành mạch, dễ hiểu
A. clear: rõ ràng
B. colorful: sặc sỡ
C. vague: mơ hồ
D. direct: trực tiếp
Dịch nghĩa: Trước khi đi nghỉ, Peter để lại một bản hướng dẫn rất rành mạch về việc trang trí văn phòng
Câu 24:
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions
A frightening number of illiterate students are graduating from college
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
illiterate (adj) mù chữ
A. inflexible (adj) không linh hoạt
B. able to read and write (adj) có thể đọc viết
C. able to enjoy winter sports (adj) có thể tham gia các môn thể thao mùa đông
D. unable to pass an examination in reading and writing: không thể vượt qua bài thi đọc và viết
Dịch nghĩa: Có một con số đáng sợ chỉ ra rằng những học sinh không biết đọc, biết viết được tốt nghiệp ra trường
Câu 25:
In England, schooling is mandatory for all children from the age of 5 to 16
Đáp án A
Giải thích:
Mandatory (adj) bắt buộc
A. voluntary: tự nguyện
B. obligatory: bắt buộc
C. advisory: được khuyên là nên làm
D. compulsory: bắt buộc
Dịch nghĩa: Ở Anh, đi học là việc bắt buộc đối với các trẻ từ 5-16 tuổi.
Câu 26:
My children are not old enough to read these novels.
Đáp án C
to be + adj enough to V: đủ...để làm gì
to be + adj too V: quá. . . đến nỗi không thể làm gì
Dịch nghĩa:
Câu gốc: Các con của tôi chưa đủ lớn để đọc những cuốn tiểu thuyết này.
A. Những cuốn tiểu thuyết này quá cũ cho các con tôi đọc.
B. Những cuốn tiểu thuyết này không mới cho các con tôi đọc.
C. Các con của tôi quá nhỏ để đọc những cuốn tiểu thuyết này.
D. Các con của tôi hoàn toàn mới so với những cuốn tiểu thuyết này
Câu 27:
Bed, breakfast and dinner are included in the price.
Đáp án A
include: bao gồm
exclude: không bao gồm
To be inclusive of = Include (v)
Dịch nghĩa: Tiền giường, bữa sáng và bữa tối đã được bao gồm trong chi phí rồi.
A. Chi phí đã bao gồm tiền giường, bữa sáng và bữa tối.
B. Chi phí bao gồm tiền giường, bữa sáng, không có bữa tối.
C. Chi phí không bao gồm tiền giường, bữa sáng và bữa tối.
D. Bữa sáng và bữa tối đã bao gồm trong chi phí như là tiền ăn
Câu 28:
"All right, it's true. I was nervous," said the girl.
Đáp án D
Dịch nghĩa: “Được rồi, đó là sự thật. Tôi đã lo lắng”, cô gái nói.
A. Sai ngữ pháp. admit V-ing: thú nhận việc gì
B. Cô gái quyết định rằng cô đã lo lắng.
C. Cô gái phủ nhận việc đã lo lắng.
D. Cô gái thừa nhận rằng cô đã rất lo lắng
Câu 29:
The winds were very strong. The trees were uprooted
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa: Những cơn gió rất mạnh. Những cây bị bật gốc.
A. Gió mạnh đến nỗi cây bị bật gốc.
B. Những cơn gió mạnh rằng những cây bị bật gốc.
D và C sai cấu trúc
Câu 30:
She doesn't want to go to their party. We don't want to go either
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa: Cô ấy không muốn đến bữa tiệc của họ. Chúng tôi cũng không muốn đi.
A. Không phải cô ấy, cũng không phải chúng tôi đều không muốn đến bữa tiệc của họ.
B. Chúng tôi và cô ấy đều không muốn đi đến bữa tiệc của họ.
C. Hoặc chúng tôi hoặc cô ấy không muốn đến bữa tiệc của họ.
D. Không phải chúng tôi, cũng không phải cô ấy, muốn đến bữa tiệc của họ.
Neither…nor…thì động từ chia theo danh từ đứng sau nor
Câu 31:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (31) ________ for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines. Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (32) ________ exercise can give you a lot of fun. When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better. You will develop more energy and self-confidence.
Every time you move, you are exercising. The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb. (33) ________it does, the stronger and fitter it will become. Best of all, exercise is fun. It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move.
Physical exercise is not only good for your body. People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day. Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park. See how much better you feel after an hour.
A good (34) ________of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise. People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness. People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life. So have (35) ________you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Điền vào ô 31
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
A. plan: dự định
B. design: thiết kế
C. program: lập trình (dùng cho chương trình, máy móc, robot. . .)
D. cause: gây ra
Câu 32:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (31) ________ for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines. Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (32) ________ exercise can give you a lot of fun. When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better. You will develop more energy and self-confidence.
Every time you move, you are exercising. The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb. (33) ________it does, the stronger and fitter it will become. Best of all, exercise is fun. It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move.
Physical exercise is not only good for your body. People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day. Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park. See how much better you feel after an hour.
A good (34) ________of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise. People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness. People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life. So have (35) ________you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Điền vào ô 32
Đáp án A
Giải thích:
little: quá ít không đủ làm gì, dùng cho danh từ không đếm được
few: quá ít không đủ làm gì, dùng cho danh từ đếm được
Khi thêm từ a vào phía trước thì chuyển nghĩa thành “ít nhưng vẫn đủ để làm gì”
Ở đây, exercise là danh từ không đếm được, tác giả dùng với nghĩa tích cực, “chỉ một chút tập luyện cũng cho bạn rất nhiều niềm vui” - như vậy, lượng ít đó cũng không được quá ít mà phải đủ đến mức độ nào đó mới làm mình vui được, nên ta dùng a little.
Câu 33:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (31) ________ for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines. Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (32) ________ exercise can give you a lot of fun. When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better. You will develop more energy and self-confidence.
Every time you move, you are exercising. The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb. (33) ________it does, the stronger and fitter it will become. Best of all, exercise is fun. It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move.
Physical exercise is not only good for your body. People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day. Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park. See how much better you feel after an hour.
A good (34) ________of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise. People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness. People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life. So have (35) ________you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Điền vào ô 33
Đáp án B
Giải thích:
Cấu trúc so sánh tăng cấp: the + so sánh hơn, the + so sánh hơn: càng. . .càng. ..
Ví dụ: The more you eat, the fatter you are: bạn càng ăn nhiều, bạn càng béo. Hai cụm so sánh hơn ở đây là more you eat và fatter you are. Luôn có từ the đứng trước hai vế
Câu 34:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (31) ________ for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines. Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (32) ________ exercise can give you a lot of fun. When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better. You will develop more energy and self-confidence.
Every time you move, you are exercising. The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb. (33) ________it does, the stronger and fitter it will become. Best of all, exercise is fun. It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move.
Physical exercise is not only good for your body. People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day. Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park. See how much better you feel after an hour.
A good (34) ________of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise. People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness. People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life. So have (35) ________you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Điền vào ô 34
Đáp án A
Giải thích:
A sense of + danh từ: cảm giác gì
a sense of achievement: cảm giác đạt được thành tựu gì đó
Câu 35:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (31) ________ for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines. Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (32) ________ exercise can give you a lot of fun. When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better. You will develop more energy and self-confidence.
Every time you move, you are exercising. The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb. (33) ________it does, the stronger and fitter it will become. Best of all, exercise is fun. It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move.
Physical exercise is not only good for your body. People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day. Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park. See how much better you feel after an hour.
A good (34) ________of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise. People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness. People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life. So have (35) ________you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Điền vào ô 35
Đáp án C
Giải thích:
A. a run: (n) chạy
B. a trial (n) kiểm tra, nghiên cứu bằng chứng
C. have a go/try: thử
D. a start: sự bắt đầu
Bài dịch
Cơ thể được tạo ra để vận động. Chúng không phải được thiết kế để ngồi trước màn hình ti vi hay đọc tạp chí. Giữ thân hình cân đối không có nghĩa là bạn phải là một vận động viên điền kinh siêu sao, thậm chi chí tập luyện một ít có thể mang đến cho bạn thật nhiều niềm vui. Khi bạn cân đối và khỏe mạnh, bạn sẽ thấy bạn ưa nhìn hơn và cảm thấy tốt hơn. Bạn sẽ phát triển nhiều năng lượng hơn và nhiều sự tự tin hơn.
Mỗi lần bạn vận động là bạn đang tập luyện. Cơ thể con người được tạo ra để uốn cong, duỗi
thẳng, chạy, nhảy và leo trèo. Bạn càng làm nhiều thì nó càng trở nên khỏe mạnh và cân đối. Tóm lại là tập luyện là niềm vui. Đó là điều mà cơ thể bạn muốn làm nhất -luôn ở trong trạng thái vận động.
Tập luyện thể dục không chỉ tốt cho cơ thể. Người mà tập luyện thường xuyên thường vui vẻ
hơn, thư giãn hơn và tỉnh táo hơn những người chỉ ngồi suốt ngày. Thử thí nghiệm - lần tới tâm trạng bạn đang tồi tệ, hãy đi đạo và chơi bóng trong công viên. Hãy xem bạn cảm thấy tốt lên ra sao sau một giờ đồng hồ.
Cảm giác đạt được gì đó cũng là một lợi ích khác của việc tập thể dục. Con người cảm thấy tốt hơn khi họ biết họ vừa cải thiện được vóc dáng cân đối. Những người luyện tập thường xuyên sẽ
nói với bạn rằng họ thấy họ có nhiều năng lượng hơn để tận hưởng cuộc sống. Vì vậy, hãy thử và bạn sẽ nhìn thấy và cảm thấy những lợi ích
Câu 36:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to ________.
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa: Từ “drastic” [mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt] gần nghĩa nhất với _________.
A. phổ biến
B. hoàn toàn, căn bản, lớn
C. tiến tới
D. liều lĩnh
Giải thích: drastic change = radical change: thay đổi lớn, từ căn nguyên, hoàn toàn khác so với ban đầu
Câu 37:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
According to the theory that the author calls "the traditional view", what was the first form of life to appear on land?
Đáp án D
Dịch nghĩa: Theo như học thuyết mà tác giả gọi là “quan điểm truyền thống”, đâu là dạng thức của sự sống đầu tiên trên mặt đất?
A. vi khuẩn
B. động vật ăn thịt
C. động vật ăn cỏ
D. thực vật có mạch
Giải thích: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn 2 “In this View, primitive vascular plants first colonized
the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters”
[Theo quan điểm này thì thực vật có mạch nguyên thủy xâm chiếm các bờ đại lục đầu tiên, theo sau đó là động vật ăn cỏ và cuối cùng la động vật ăn thịt]
Câu 38:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa: Theo bài đọc, chuyện gì đã xảy ra vào khoảng 400 triệu năm về trước?
A. Nhiều sinh vật sống trên cạn đã tuyệt chủng
B. Các thực thể sống mới trên cạn phát triển rất nhanh
C. Những hóa thạch khổng lồ bị phá hủy bởi bão lũ.
D. Sự sống bắt đầu phát triển ở biển cổ đại
Giải thích: Thông tin ở câu cuối đoạn 2 “terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago” [Sự sống trên cạn xuất hiện và đa dạng hóa một cách mạnh mẽ. . .]
Câu 39:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
The word "extracted" is closest in meaning to ___________.
Đáp án C
Dịch nghĩa: Từ “extracted” [tach biệt] gần nghĩa nhất với ___________.
A. được đặt ở
B. được bảo tồn
C. bị tách biệt, xa
D. được nghiên cứu
Câu 40:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
The word "they" refers to ______.
Đáp án D
Dịch nghĩa: Từ “they” nhắc đến _____________.
A. đá
B. bờ
C. đại dương
D. loài
Giải thích: “In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism” [Trong nhiều trường hợp, có những loài có đường kính còn nhỏ hơn 1/10 milimet. Mặc dù chúng bị chôn vùi trong đá. . .] Dịch nghĩa, ta có thể thấy được “chúng” ở đây là những loài nhỏ bé đó
Câu 41:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa: Trong số các câu sau, đâu là kết quả của việc tìm ra siêu vi hóa thạch?
A. Thời gian ước tính cho lần đầu tiên xuất hiện của sinh vật cạn được xem xét lại.
B. Những kĩ thuật cũ để phân tích hóa thạch được tìm ra thêm những tác dụng mới.
C. Nguồn gốc của sinh vật biến cổ đại được giải thích.
D. Những giả định về vị trí các vùng biển cổ đại đã thay đổi.
Giải thích: Thông tin ở câu đầu đoạn cuối “These discovered fossils . . .but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms” [Những hóa thạch được tìm thấy. . .mà còn đẩy lùi lại thời gian mà những sinh vật đa bào xâm chiếm mặt đất lần đầu xuất hiện trên mặt đất]
Câu 42:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed. Yet another three billions years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils - relatively large specimens of essential whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of 10 modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by the animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at sediments below this Silurian- Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rock in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans - plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances, the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence ofpreviously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms. Our view about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms
With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa: Trong số những câu sau, đâu là kết luận mà tác giả dễ đồng ý nhất?
A. Sự tiến hóa của sinh vật trên cạn cũng phức tạp như nguồn gốc của nó vậy.
B. Việc tìm ra hóa thạch siêu vi đã chứng tỏ quan điểm truyền thống về việc sinh vật trên cạn tiến hóa như thế nào.
C. Những loài vật mới xuất hiện cùng tỉ lệ trong suốt quãng thời gian 400 triệu năm vừa qua.
D. Công nghệ sử dụng bởi các nhà cổ sinh vật học quá cũ để có thể đưa ra những xác nhận chính xác về năm tuổi của hóa thạch.
Giải thích: Thông tin ở câu cuối của bài “Our View about the nature of the early plants and animal communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms.” [Quan điểm của chúng ta về những cộng đồng động thực vật ban đầu bây giờ đang được nghiên cứu lại. Và những nghiên cứu này sẽ dẫn đến những suy xét mới về những sinh vật sống đầu tiên trên cạn]
Các phương án B, C, D không có thông tin trong bài.
Bài dịch
Sự sống khởi ngổn ở các vùng biển cổ khoảng một tỷ năm sau khi trái đất được hình thành. Tuy nhiên, phải ba tỷ năm sau đó thì thực vật và động vật đầu tiên mới xuất hiện trên thềm lục địa. Quá trình thay đổi từ cuộc sống dưới nước lên trên mặt đất có lẽ là một thách thức lớn của sự tiến hóa, giống như sự bắt đầu của sự sống vậy.
Sinh vật sống nào mà có thể tạo nên một bước ngoặt mạnh mẽ như vậy? Quan niệm truyền thống về các sinh vật trên cạn đầu tiên dựa trên megafossils - mẫu hóa thạch khá lớn của những loài cây và động vật quan trọng. Thực vật có mạch, liên quan đến những giống cây hiện đại và dương xỉ, là mẫu hóa thạch khổng lồ toàn diện đầu tiên được ghi lại. Chính vì lí do này, người ta cho rằng kết quả của việc di chuyển lên cạn đã phản ánh sự tiến hóa của 10 hệ sinh thái hiện đại trên cạn. Theo quan điểm này, thực vật có mạch nguyên thủy là nhóm đầu tiên lên bờ, theo sau là động vật ăn cỏ, và cuối cùng của động vật ăn thịt. Hơn nữa, các hóa thạch lớn này cũng cho biết rằng sự sống trên cạn xuất hiện và phát triển đa dạng mạnh mẽ vào khoảng giữa kỉ Silua và kỉ Devon, hơn 400 triệu năm trước một chút.
Tuy nhiên gần đây, các nhà khảo cổ đã nghiên cứu sâu hơn về lớp trầm tích dưới vùng ranh giới địa chất Silurian- Devon này. Hóa ra là một số hóa thạch có thể được tạo ra từ trầm tích bằng việc cho đá vào trong axit. Kỹ thuật này đã tìm ra bằng chứng mới về trầm tích lắng đọng gần bờ biển của các đại dương cổ đại- vì có thực vật và những phần nhỏ xíu của động vật. Trong nhiều trường hợp, các mẫu vật có đường kính còn bé hơn một phần mười của milimet. Mặc dù chúng bị chôn vùi trong các hòn đá hàng trăm triệu năm, rất nhiều các hóa thạch vẫn còn chứa đựng các bộ phận hữu cơ của sinh vật.
Những hóa thạch được phát hiện không chỉ tiết lộ về sự tồn tại của những loài sinh vật chưa từng được biết đến mà còn đẩy lùi trở lại ngày mà sinh vật đa bào xâm chiếm lục địa. Quan điểm của chúng ta về bản chất của những cộng đồng động thực vật đang được xem xét lại. Và với những nghiên cứu đó, chác chắn sẽ tiêp tục nảy sinh những suy đoán mới về sinh vật sống trên cạn đầu tiên
Câu 43:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
Most people are afraid of being operated on __________.
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa. Hầu hết mọi người đều sợ phải phẫu thuật ___________.
A. mặc dù có những tiến bộ trong phẫu thuật hiện đại
B. vì họ nghĩ thuốc hiện đại nguy hiểm
C. vì họ không tin họ cần thuốc gây mê
D. trừ khi đó là một ca phẫu thuật khẩn cấp
Giải thích. Thông tin ở đoạn 1 “Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics”
Câu 44:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
Surgeons in the early 20th century, compared with modem ones _______.
Đáp án A
Dịch nghĩa. Những bác sĩ phẫu thuật ở đầu thế kỉ 20, so sánh với các bác sĩ thời nay thì ________.
A. không có nhiều thứ để học về phẫu thuật
B. cần nhiều kiến thức hơn
C. có thể tiến hành mọi ca phẫu thuật biết đến ở hiện tại
D. được các bệnh nhân tin tưởng hơn
Giải thích. Thông tin ở đầu đoạn 2 “In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery”
Câu 45:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
A patient can still live a comfortable life even after the removal of _________.
Đáp án C
Dịch nghĩa. Một bệnh nhân vẫn có thể sống thoải mái thậm chí sau khi đã cắt bỏ _____.
A. bộ não
B. các lá phổi
C. một nội tạng chính chẳng hạn như dạ dày hay một lá phổi
D. một phần dạ dày hoặc toàn bộ lá gan
Giải thích. Thông tin ở cuối đoạn 2 “A lung, the Whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life”
Câu 46:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
The word "clogged" in the second paragraph is most likely to correspond to __________.
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa. Từ “clogged” - tắc, ở đoạn 2 gần nghĩa với ___________.
A. sạch
B. tắc
C. bị che phủ
D. chưa rửa
Câu 47:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
Today, compared with 1910 ________.
Đáp án D
Dịch nghĩa. So với năm 1910, ngày nay _____________.
A. người chết trong phẫu thuật giảm 20%
B. 20% bệnh nhân phẫu thuật hồi phục
C. chết do phẫu thuật tăng 20%
D. bệnh nhân chết sau phẫu thuật giảm 5 lần
Giải thích. Thông tin ở đoạn 2 “Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910”. Tỉ lệ chết giảm còn 20% so với 1910, nghĩa là giảm 5 lần, khác với giảm bớt 20%.
Câu 48:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
Some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery include _________.
Đáp án C
Dịch nghĩa. Một vài cải tiến đáng ngạc nhiên nhất trong phẫu thuật hiện đại bao gồm __________.
A. cấy ghép tai, mũi, họng
B. van tim ít nhựa hơn
C. van tim bằng nhựa
D. ghép chân
Giải thích. Ở đoạn 4 nhắc đến nhiều cải tiến, trong đó có phương án C, các phương án A, B, D không được nhắc đến
Câu 49:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
Which of the following has the same meaning as "vista" in the fourth paragraph?'
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa. Trong số các từ sau, đâu là từ đồng nghĩa với “vista” ở đoạn 4?
A. ủng hộ
B. khía cạnh, phương diện
C. lịch sử
D. viếng thăm
Câu 50:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful.
"Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is
still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition."
You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means ________.
Đáp án c
Dịch nghĩa. Bạn có thể rất hạnh phúc nếu bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể tiến hành bởi vì nó có nghĩa là ____________.
A. ông nghĩ rằng tình huống của bạn không thể chữa khỏi
B. ông ấy là một bác sĩ giỏi
C. ông nghĩ bạn sẽ sống sót
D. bạn đã hồi phục dần
Bài dịch
PHẪU THUẬT HIỆN ĐẠI
Việc cần thiết phải tiến hành phẫu thuật, đặc biệt là phẫu thuật khẩn cấp, luôn luôn là một cú sốc đối với cả bệnh nhân và gia đình của họ. Mặc dù có những tiến bộ hiện đại, hầu hết mọi người đều sợ bệnh viện và thuốc gây mê một cách vô lý. Bệnh nhân thường không tin rằng họ thực sự cần đến phẫu thuật - phải cắt bỏ một phần cơ thể so với điều trị bằng thuốc.
Những năm đầu của thế kỷ 20 có rất ít chuyên môn trong ngành phẫu thuật. Một bác sĩ phẫu
thuật tốt có thể thực hiện hầu hết các ca được biết đến thời kỳ đó. Ngày nay tình hình đã khác. Những gì mà ngày nay đang tiến hành, không thể có trong giấc mơ của 50 năm về trước. Tim có thể được phẫu thuật một cách an toàn và van có thể được sửa chữa. Mạch máu tắc có thể được thông, và những mạch vỡ có thế được chữa lành hoặc thay thế. Một lá phổi, toàn bộ dạ dày, ngay cả một phần của não cũng có thể cắt bỏ mà người bệnh vẫn sống thoải mái và bình thường. Tuy nhiên, không phải tất cả các bác sĩ phẫu thuật đều muốn làm hay có đủ năng lực để làm những ca hiện đại này.
Phạm Vi phẫu thuật đã tăng lên đáng kể trong những thập kỷ qua. Độ an toàn cũng tăng cao. Tử vong do phẫu thuật chỉ còn khoảng 20% so với năm 1910 và phẫu thuật đã được mở rộng theo nhiều hướng, ví dụ như một số loại dị tật bẩm sinh ở trẻ mới sinh ra, hoặc thậm chí các hoạt động kéo dài sự sống cho người già tám mươi tuổi. Thời gian lưu lại bệnh viện sau khi phẫu thuật đã được rút ngắn xuống còn một tuần cho hầu hết các ca. Đa số bệnh nhân có thể xuống giường chỉ một ngày sau ca mổ và có thể trở lại làm việc trong hai hoặc ba tuần.
Nhiều tiến bộ trong phẫu thuật hiện đại dường như khó mà tin được. Chẳng hạn như thay thế các mạch máu bị hư hỏng bằng những mô hình nhựa: van tim có thay thế bằng nhựa; cấy mô như ống kính của mắt; phát minh thận nhân tạo để làm sạch máu khỏi chất độc đều đặn và sự phát triển của máy tim và phổi để duy trì sự sống cho bệnh nhân trong thời gian dài. Tất cả những điều này mở ra một triển vọng mới cho tương lai của phẫu thuật.
Một trong những khu vực mang tính cách mạng nhất của phẫu thuật hiện đại là cấy ghép nội
tạng. Chỉ một vài thập kỷ trước đây, không có một ai, ngoại trừ một cặp sinh đôi giống hệt nhau, mới có thể cấy ghép mô vào cơ thể của người khác mà không bị phản ứng đào thải và dần dần thậm
chí các mô sẽ chết. Tuy nhiên, gần đây, người ta phát hiện ra rằng với việc sử dụng X-quang và các
loại thuốc đặc biệt, sẽ có thế ghép mô từ người này sang người khác và tồn tại trong thời gian một năm hoặc nhiều hơn. Thận đã được cấy ghép thành công giữa anh em sinh đôi không giống nhau. Tim và phổi cấy ghép cũng khá thành công.
Phẫu thuật “linh kiện”, sự thay thế các bộ phận cơ thể có chức năng đơn giản đã không thể hoạt động, bằng những bộ phận thay thế mới, vẫn là một ước mơ cho tương lai, tuy nhiên ngành phẫu thuật đã sẵn sàng cho những phép màu như vậy. Và rồi, bạn sẽ hạnh phúc biết bao khi các bác sỹ nói với bạn rằng, “Vâng, trong trưòng hợp này, tôi nghĩ nó có thể hoạt động tốt trên cơ thể bạn”.