Vegetarians don’t eat meat.

=>  If you’re a vegetarian, ____________________________________________

People who live in a cold country don t like hot weather.

=>  If you live______________________________________________________

Teachers have to work very hard.

=>  If you’re a teacher,_______________________________________________

People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.

=> If you__________________________________________________________

Mechanics understand engines.

=>  If you’re a______________________________________________________

People who read newspapers know what’s happening in the world.

=> If you _________________________________________________________

Eating healthy foods is very important.

=>  It is  

I suggest having spaghetti and pizza tonight.

=>  Let’s_______________________________________________________________

You need to peel the onion and slice it.

=>  The onion__________________________________________________________________

Follow these safety instructions or you may get burnt.

=>  If you___________________________________________________________________

My aunt has never tasted sushi before.

=> This is   ___________________________________________________________________

Combine two sentences into one, using the connectives from the list: and, but, because, so, therefore, or, moreover, however, if, when, unless.

1.   You can’t borrow my dictionary. You bring it back on Monday.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The cost of installation is very high. Solar domestic heating systems are economical to use.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Solar panels are placed on the roof of a house. The Sun’s energy is used to heat water.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t agree with a lot of his teaching methods. He is a good teacher.

      ___________________________________________________________________

We’d better not waste water. We won’t have enough to drink sooner or later.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The house is quite beautiful. The cost is not too high.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Do you want to study more? Do you want to look for a job?

      ___________________________________________________________________

You can go home. You’ve finished this exercise.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t get many opportunities to practise my English. I find it difficult to remember everything I study.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I’m practising speaking English a lot. I don’t want to fail in the oral test.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I am terribly sorry, I thought you were a friend of Anna’s.

      I took.....................................................................................................................................

Although she was busy, she managed to find the time to proofread for me.

      Busy      

I would prefer you do computer science.

      I’d rather      

He didn’t get his visa until last Monday.

      It was      

They continued to say that I was to blame.

      They persisted      

Vietnamese coffee is considered to be one of the best in the world.

      Vietnamese coffee      

If you asked me well in advance, I’ll be willing to work overtime.

      Provided you      

She listens more sympathetically than anyone else I know.

      She is a      

This is the best essay I have ever written.

      Never      

I assumed that she would learn how to take shorthand after this course.

      I took it   

Tourism development/ lead/ soil erosion/ pollution/ waste.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Tourism/ contribute/ increasing carbon footprint/ stress/ ecosystems.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The infrastructure/ tourist spot/ not/ satisfy/ great demand/ during/ peak season.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Tourists/ cause/ significant effect/ local habitats/ especially/ country.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Tourists/ be aware/ damage/ they/ cause/ and/ tourism authorities/ take measures/ solve/ problems.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

First/ tourism/ create/ jobs/ tourism industry/ and/ other sectors/ such/ retail and transportation.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

However/ jobs/ created/ tourism/ often seasonal/ and/ poorly paid.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

Second/ tourism/ encourage/ preservation/ traditional customs/ handicrafts/ festivals/ but/ interaction/ tourists/ also lead/ erosion/ traditional cultures/ values.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

Finally/ ecotourism/ help/ conservation/ wildlife/ generating funds/ maintaining national park.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

Nevertheless/ it/ also cause/ pollution/ through traffic emissions/ littering/ noise.

      ___________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

Scuba-diving is not really my cup of tea. INTERESTED

      I                                                                  scuba-diving.

No mountains in Western Europe are higher than Mount Blanc.THE

      Mount Blanc                                                         Western Europe.

They require special permits to access Son Doong Cave. TO

      Special permits                                                     Son Doong Cave.

Jane hasn’t decided where to go on holiday. MIND

      Jane hasn’t                                    about where to go on holiday.

We don’t like travelling during peak season. INTO

      We                                                during peak season.

An area of low pressure forms over the land. The heated air expands and rises.(as a result)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Canada is similar to the United States. The majority of its people speak English. (in that)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Governments will most probably not relocate entire cities. They are in earthquake zones.(just because)

      ___________________________________________________________________

They were forced to buy expensive ones. There were no economy seats available.(so)

      ___________________________________________________________________

The hypothesis could be tested. Two experiments were conducted.(so that)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Middle-class families tend to have person-centered structures. Working-class families are usually positional.(whereas)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Middle-class children do well in most education systems. Working-class children do relatively poorly.(on the other hand)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. The UK has a 250-year supply of coal. (for instance)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Western Europe has large reserves of fuel. For instance, the UK has a 250-year supply of coal.

Far fewer peopleare killed or injured during train travel. Rail travel is safer than road travel. (because)

      ___________________________________________________________________

They recruited very few young engineers.

      Hardly      

Only two out of the five rooms we have booked have air conditioning.

      We have booked five rooms, only      

Jane seems to come to the performance late.

      It looks      

I could hold a big party due to Mom’s help.

      Had it      

Success depends on hard work.

      The harder      

Fiona was so disappointed that she could not keep on working.

      Such_______________________________________________________________

Although Richard is competent in his work, he does not know how to deal with this client.

      Competent__________________________________________________________

It was wrong of you to allow a four-year-old child to walk home alone.

      You should_________________________________________________________________

I could realize how important the family is only after I left home.

      Not until___________________________________________________________________

Mrs. Green is proud of her son’s contribution to the play.

      Mrs. Green is proud of what__________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the sentences below as single sentence using relative clauses.

 I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It’s only 30 miles away.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

This is Mr Carter. I was telling you about him.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

That is the room. The meeting is held in that room.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Please ask them the time. The train started the trip at that time.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

We will get lost because we don’t have a map.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the following sentence using a relative clause.

India is a country. The earthquake occurred in this country last month.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Bac Giang is a city. I was born and grew up there.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

We have not decided the day. We’ll go to London on that day.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The man made me sad the most. I love him with all my heart.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

The thief was caught. This was really good news.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

The gentleman was very young. He was introduced as the most successful businessman.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

His book became the best seller. It was punished last year.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

His book became the best seller. It was punished last year.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Neil Armstrong lived in the USA. He walked on the moon.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Nam is very intelligent. He learns in our class.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

Ha Long has grown into a big city over the past few years. I visited the city last year.

→  ___________________________________________________________________

The class watched a film yesterday. The film was about the Apollo 13 space mission.

è  The film___________________________________________________________________

We are meeting an astronomer tonight. This astronomer has discovered three Earth-like planets.

è  The astronomer       ___________________________________________________________________

We read about an astronaut. The astronaut travelled into space in 1961.

è  We read about       ___________________________________________________________________

Dennis Tito became the first space tourist in 2001. Anousheh Ansari travelled into space as a tourist in 2006.

è  When Anousheh Ansari       ___________________________________________________________________

This is the man. He works for NASA.

è  The is the

I’m reading an article. The article is about NASA’s plans to return humans to the moon.

è  I’m reading       ___________________________________________________________________

This is the astronaut. He visited our school last week.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

This is the village. Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut, was born there.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Can you talk more about the parabolic flights. You took them for your training?

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

This is the museum. It has some of the best rock collections in the country.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

We’ll explore inland Sweden and visit the summer house. Carin and Ola have built it themselves.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

This is the year. The first human walked on the moon on that day.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Pham Tuan/ Viet Nam’s/ astronaut, and Christer Fuglesang/ Sweden’s first astronaut.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He found/ Earth didn’t look/ big as he thought, no boundaries/ Earth could be seen from/ we should cooperate/ take care of it.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

It seemed/ he/ not enjoy it much/ since/ wasn’t fresh.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

They talked/ him when he/ in space/ that made him happy.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

They think/ the chance/ fly to space/ equal for everyone.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ think teamwork, social skills/ foreign languages/ important/ an astronaut.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

The team plays on the left. The team has never won the championship.

=>  The team__________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________________

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin planted an American flag on the moon. They spoke to President Richard Nixon after that.

=>  Before Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin_________________________________________________________________

      ___________________________________________________________________

This article describes a ground-breaking space mission to land on a comet. The mission is called Rosetta.

=>  The ground-breaking space mission      

      ___________________________________________________________________

Last week they visited a museum. The first artificial satellite is on display there.

=>  Last week they      

      ___________________________________________________________________

The Rosetta mission has a task. The task is comparable to a fly trying to land on a speeding bullet.

=>  The task      

      ___________________________________________________________________

Nhat Nam/ crazy / space.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ learnt about the universe/ had collected/ of books about space.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

To show that there/ more things/ the list but that it’s not necessary/ list everything.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ be not/ impressed/ because/ he thought the meteorite/ like an ordinary piece of rock.

He/ compare it/ a ride/ a rollercoaster.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

A friend of mine helped me to get a job. His father is the manager of a company.

      →_________________________________________________________________

Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents.

      →_________________________________________________________________

London was once the largest city in the world, but the population is now falling.

      →_________________________________________________________________

A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, but most of them were not very practical.

      →_________________________________________________________________

It is a medieval palace. The king hid in its tower during the civil war.

      →_________________________________________________________________

I couldn’t remember the number of my own car. This made the police suspicious.

      →_________________________________________________________________

You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.

      →_________________________________________________________________

Dr Andy Todd is head of Downlands Hospital. He has criticized government plans to cut health funding.

      →_________________________________________________________________

They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team. All of them are under 9.

      →_________________________________________________________________

They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team. All of them are under 9.

      →_________________________________________________________________

I went to see my nephew Jimmy. I used to look after him when he was small.

            →       

Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.

There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The sun provides us with heat and light. It is one of millions of stars in the universe.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Students will be punished. Their homework is late.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Is that the car? You want to buy it.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Write the information in brackets as a relative clause (defining or non-defining) in an appropriate place in the sentence.

1.   Julia’s father has just come back from a skiing holiday. (he is over 80)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The problems faced by the company are being resolved. (I’ll look at these in detail in a moment.)

      →_________________________________________________________________

She was greatly influenced by her father. (she adored him)

      →_________________________________________________________________

Parents are being asked to take part in the survey. (their children are between four or six)

      →_________________________________________________________________

He isn’t looking forward to the time. (he will have to leave at that time)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. (a local farmer came across them in a field)

      →_________________________________________________________________

He pointed to the stairs. (they led down to the cellar)

      →_________________________________________________________________

He pointed to the stairs. (they led down to the cellar)

      →_________________________________________________________________

These drugs have been withdrawn from sale.(they are used to treat stomach ulcers)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The singer had to cancel her concert. (she was recovering from flu)

      →_________________________________________________________________

We went to the Riverside Restaurant. (I once had lunch with Henry there)

      →_________________________________________________________________

We went to the Riverside Restaurant. (I once had lunch with Henry there)

      →_________________________________________________________________

John Graham’s latest film is his first for more than five years. (the film is set in the north of Australia)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The newspaper is owned by the Mears group. (its chairperson is Sir James Bex)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The Master’s course is no longer taught. (I took this course in 1990)

      →_________________________________________________________________

The minister talked about the plans for tax reform. (he will reveal them next month)

            →       

Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas where necessary.

1.   Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of sentences. Put in the commas where necessary.

1.   Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen.

      ___________________________________________________________________

This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.

      ___________________________________________________________________

We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away.

      ___________________________________________________________________

They’ve captured all the animals. They escaped from the zoo.

      ___________________________________________________________________

A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet.

      ___________________________________________________________________

The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled. (Despite)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. (Though)

      ___________________________________________________________________

In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. (Although)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. (Despite)

      ___________________________________________________________________

In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. (Although)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test. (In spite of)

      ___________________________________________________________________

In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (Although)

      ___________________________________________________________________

In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile. (Although)

      ___________________________________________________________________

My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. (Despite)

      ___________________________________________________________________

In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film. (Although)

      ___________________________________________________________________

Hung was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted on disturbing the class.

In spite__________________________________________________________________

Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.

Despite      

Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.

      è Despite      

Miss Diep tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi.

Despite      

Despite liking more holidays, Mr. Vinh doesn’t mind going to school.

They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.

Despite________________________________________________________________

They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us.

Despite________________________________________________________________

He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.

In spite__________________________________________________________________

Trang Anh is the boss. She works as hard as her employees.

Despite________________________________________________________________

He has health problems. He is always smiling.

In spite__________________________________________________________________

Kieu Anh got good marks. The exam was difficult.

Despite      

He/ not promoted/ spite of/ efforts.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

The boss/ denied/ bully/ new employee.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

The boss/ denied/ bully/ new employee.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Students/ need/ vocational skills/ before they enter/ world of work.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

She/ a dynamic businesswoman. /She/ so/ energy and focus.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ such/ empathetic nurse/ the patients/ love him.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

I feel/ we have too/ academic subjects/ not enough time/ physical education.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

As/ opera singer, / he has/ opportunities perform/ Grand Theatre.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Work/ as architects, / they design/ build.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

They/ won/ big contracts./ They/ successful businesswomen / businessmen.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Mr Thuan was injured. He managed to finish the race.

Despite________________________________________________________________

Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.

I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.

Although      

Thuy went to school. She was ill.

In spite__________________________________________________________________

We couldn’t win the match. We played well.

Despite________________________________________________________________

It rained a lot. We enjoyed our holiday.

In spite      

I told her all the truth. However she didn’t believe me.

 In spite__________________________________________________________________

They didn’t play well, but they won the game.

Despite___________________________________________________________

He didn’t get the job. He had all the necessary qualifications.

In spite__________________________________________________________________

Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.

In spite      

The boy finally managed/ deal/ his peers/ the vocational school.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He has a talent/ fixing things,/ he/ an excellent mechanic.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

My father/ running/ pharmacy./ He/ pharmacist.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He wants/ become/ fashion designer./ He/ very interested/ fashion and design.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

I took/ account the pay/ the working conditions/ before I decided/ take the job.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ become/ professional footballer/ the local football team.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He/ burnt the midnight oil/ a long time so it’s fair if he gets an A/ his final exam.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

He a professional singer/ his beautiful voice, he/ make a bundle.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

She dreams/ becoming/ physicist/ she really likes physics.

=>  ___________________________________________________________________

Rewrite the following sentences using a relative clause.

 Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.

      ___________________________________________________________________

A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.

      ___________________________________________________________________

7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Max isn’t home yet. That worries me.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.

      ___________________________________________________________________

I don’t know the girl’s name. She’s just gone into the hall.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.

      ___________________________________________________________________

Hoan Kiem Lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.