Tìm hệ số của x² trong khai triển \({\left( {3x - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^5}\).

Hướng dẫn giải

Đáp án đúng là: C

Ta có:

\[{\left( {3x - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^5}\]

\[ = C_5^0.{\left( {3x} \right)^5} + C_5^1.{\left( {3x} \right)^4}.\left( { - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)\]\[ + C_5^2.{\left( {3x} \right)^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^2} + C_5^3.{\left( {3x} \right)^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^3}\]

\[ + C_5^4.\left( {3x} \right).{\left( { - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^4} + C_5^5.{\left( { - \frac{1}{{3{x^2}}}} \right)^4}\]

\[ = {3^5}.{x^5} + {5.3^4}.{x^4}.\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right).\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}\]\[ + {10.3^3}.{x^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2}.\frac{1}{{{x^4}}} + {10.3^2}.{x^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3}.\frac{1}{{{x^8}}}\]

\[ + 10.3x.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4}.\frac{1}{{{x^{16}}}} + {\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^5}.\frac{1}{{{x^{32}}}}\]

\[ = {3^5}.{x^5} + {5.3^4}.{x^4}.\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right).\frac{1}{{{x^2}}}\]\[ + {10.3^3}.{x^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2}.\frac{1}{{{x^4}}} + {10.3^2}.{x^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3}.\frac{1}{{{x^8}}}\]

\[ + 10.3x.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4}.\frac{1}{{{x^{16}}}} + {\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^5}.\frac{1}{{{x^{32}}}}\]

\[ = {3^5}.{x^5} - {5.3^3}.{x^2}\]\[ + 30.\frac{1}{x} - \frac{{10}}{3}.\frac{1}{{{x^6}}}\]\[ + \frac{{10}}{{27}}.\frac{1}{{{x^{15}}}} - \frac{1}{{{3^5}.{x^{32}}}}\]

Hệ số của x² là –5.3³ = –135.