1400 câu trắc nghiệm Đọc hiểu Tiếng Anh có đáp án - Phần 19
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10328 lượt thi
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50 câu hỏi
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60 phút
Danh sách câu hỏi
Câu 1:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors . It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school , but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom , and people continue to learn throughout their lives .
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics.They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom . They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished . They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job. Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation - that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.
According to the passage, the study of learning is important in many fields due to ______.
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Đáp án D
Thông tin: Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields.
Câu 2:
The word “retrieves” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.
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Đáp án A
Giải thích: "retrieve" = recover: lấy lại, phục hồi
Giải thích: "retrieve" = recover: lấy lại, phục hồi
Câu 3:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book “ The natural History of Selboure ” (1786 ) , the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover’s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one . He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if more than one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six - caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch . Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces. These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than humans can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with the correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping their hooves the proper number of times. Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species – as in the case of the eggs – or survival as individuals - as in the case of food. There is no transfer to other situations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small – not more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals trained to “count” one kind of object were unable to count any other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkable achievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning by trainers.
What is the main idea of this passage?
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Đáp án A
Ý chính của bài đọc này là Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count: Mặc dù động vật có thể có nhận thức về số lượng, thực chất chúng không biết đếm .
Ý chính của bài đọc này là Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actually count: Mặc dù động vật có thể có nhận thức về số lượng, thực chất chúng không biết đếm .
Câu 4:
Why does the author refer to Gilbert White’s book in line 2?
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Đáp án C
Mục đích của tác giả là đưa ra một số dẫn chứng chứng minh rằng, các loài chim có sự nhận thức về số lượng: the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon
their nests if more than one egg has been removed
Mục đích của tác giả là đưa ra một số dẫn chứng chứng minh rằng, các loài chim có sự nhận thức về số lượng: the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon
their nests if more than one egg has been removed
Câu 5:
The word “surreptitiously” is closest in meaning to ...........
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Đáp án D
“surreptitiously”= secretly: lén lút, vụng trộm, một cách bí mật
Quickly: nhanh chóng
Occasionally: thỉnh thoảng
Stubbornly: một cách cứng đầu
“surreptitiously”= secretly: lén lút, vụng trộm, một cách bí mật
Quickly: nhanh chóng
Occasionally: thỉnh thoảng
Stubbornly: một cách cứng đầu
Câu 6:
The word “odd” refers to which of the following?
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Đáp án A
“odd” ở đây được hiểu với nghĩa „số lẻ‟ (ví dụ như 1,3,5,7, vv)
Lucky numbers: con số may mắn
Unusual numbers: con số bất thường
“odd” ở đây được hiểu với nghĩa „số lẻ‟ (ví dụ như 1,3,5,7, vv)
Lucky numbers: con số may mắn
Unusual numbers: con số bất thường
Câu 7:
The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities in some ways EXCEPT ..........
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Đáp án C
Thông tin ở đoạn đầu tiên:
- It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six.
- caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch - Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces
- the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one
Thông tin ở đoạn đầu tiên:
- It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp always provides five – never four, never six.
- caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs hatch - Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces
- the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a plover‟s nest , and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one
Câu 8:
The word “accounts” is closest in meaning to ...........
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Đáp án B
“accounts” = reports: báo cáo, tường trình, thuật lại, kể lại
Reasons: lý do
Deceptions: sự dối trá. Lừa gạt
Invoices: hoá đơn
“accounts” = reports: báo cáo, tường trình, thuật lại, kể lại
Reasons: lý do
Deceptions: sự dối trá. Lừa gạt
Invoices: hoá đơn
Câu 9:
How would the author probably characterize the people who are mentioned in the first line of the second paragraph?
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Đáp án D
“Những người” ở câu đầu tiên đoạn 2 có thể được miêu tả là “as mistaken” (nhầm lẫn, nhầm tưởng). Bởi những minh chứng ở đoạn 1 có thể khiến nhiều người nhầm tưởng rằng động vật có khả năng đếm.
“Những người” ở câu đầu tiên đoạn 2 có thể được miêu tả là “as mistaken” (nhầm lẫn, nhầm tưởng). Bởi những minh chứng ở đoạn 1 có thể khiến nhiều người nhầm tưởng rằng động vật có khả năng đếm.
Câu 10:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur". What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own". In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock. Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
What is the main idea of this passage?
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Đáp án D
Thông tin ở đoạn 1: Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s.
Ngày nay, phụ nữ ngày càng có xu hướng mở rộng kinh doanh, và xu hướng này tăng lên trong suốt những năm 1990.
Thông tin ở đoạn 1: Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s.
Ngày nay, phụ nữ ngày càng có xu hướng mở rộng kinh doanh, và xu hướng này tăng lên trong suốt những năm 1990.
Câu 11:
The word “excluded” is closest meaning to ___________ .
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Đáp án C
“excluded” ∼ not permitted in: bị loại trừ khỏi, không được cho phép
often invited to: thường xuyên được mời đến
decorators of: trang trí của…
charged admission to: cho phép, cấp phép cho…
“excluded” ∼ not permitted in: bị loại trừ khỏi, không được cho phép
often invited to: thường xuyên được mời đến
decorators of: trang trí của…
charged admission to: cho phép, cấp phép cho…
Câu 12:
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT ___________.
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Đáp án C
Thông tin ở câu thứ 2 của đoạn 1: Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.
Tất cả A. B , D đều có trong bài, chỉ có C Women lacked ability to work in business (Phụ nữ thiếu khả năng làm việc) là không được nhắc đến.
Thông tin ở câu thứ 2 của đoạn 1: Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.
Tất cả A. B , D đều có trong bài, chỉ có C Women lacked ability to work in business (Phụ nữ thiếu khả năng làm việc) là không được nhắc đến.
Câu 13:
According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in 1970s ___________
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Đáp án A
Thông tin ở câu trong ngoặc kép: “The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur”.
“Những năm 1970 là thập kỷ phụ nữ bước vào quản lý, và những năm 1980 hóa ra lại là thập kỷ của doanh nhân nữ”.
⇒ Do đó, phụ nữ trong những năm 1970 đã không thực tế về cơ hội của họ trong quản lý kinh doanh.
Thông tin ở câu trong ngoặc kép: “The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur”.
“Những năm 1970 là thập kỷ phụ nữ bước vào quản lý, và những năm 1980 hóa ra lại là thập kỷ của doanh nhân nữ”.
⇒ Do đó, phụ nữ trong những năm 1970 đã không thực tế về cơ hội của họ trong quản lý kinh doanh.
Câu 14:
The author mentions the “ shoesbox under the bed” in order to ___________.
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Đáp án C
a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash ∼ Point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig‟s business were limited: Nguồn tài chính ban đầu của Sandra Kurtzig khá hạn hẹp.
a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash ∼ Point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig‟s business were limited: Nguồn tài chính ban đầu của Sandra Kurtzig khá hạn hẹp.
Câu 15:
The expression “ keep tabs on” is closest meaning to ___________.
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Đáp án B
“ keep tabs on” ∼ keep records of : theo dõi, kiểm soát
Đây là một khẩu ngữ: keep a tab (tabs) on something (somebody): theo dõi kiểm soát ai, cái gì
“ keep tabs on” ∼ keep records of : theo dõi, kiểm soát
Đây là một khẩu ngữ: keep a tab (tabs) on something (somebody): theo dõi kiểm soát ai, cái gì
Câu 16:
The word “hurdles” can be best replaced by ___________.
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Đáp án A
“hurdles” ∼ fences: rào cản, vật chướng ngại
Ở đây không dùng obstacles mặc dù nó cũng có nghĩa là vật chướng ngại, bởi vì trong tiếng anh, đặc biệt là trong lĩnh vực doanh nghiệp (business), các loại rào cản được dùng bằng từ fences.
“hurdles” ∼ fences: rào cản, vật chướng ngại
Ở đây không dùng obstacles mặc dù nó cũng có nghĩa là vật chướng ngại, bởi vì trong tiếng anh, đặc biệt là trong lĩnh vực doanh nghiệp (business), các loại rào cản được dùng bằng từ fences.
Câu 17:
It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that business operated by women are small because ___________.
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Đáp án B
Thông tin ở những câu của đoạn cuối: They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. Họ vẫn phải đối mặt với trở ngại trong thế giới kinh doanh, đặc biệt là vấn đề trong việc huy động tiền; các ngân hàng và tài chính thế giới vẫn còn bị chi phối bởi những người đàn ông, và quan điểm cũ khó mà mất đi được. Hầu hết các doanh nghiệp thuộc sở hữu của phụ nữ vẫn còn khá nhỏ.
Câu 18:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Who talks more - men or women? Most people believe that women talk more. However, linguist Deborah Tannen, who has the studied the communication style of men and women, says that this is a stereotype. According to Tannen, women are more verbal - talk more - in private situations, where they use conversation as the “glue’ to hold relationships together. But, she says, men talk more in public situations, where they use conversation to exchange information and gain status. Tannen points out that we can see these difference even in children. Little girls often play with one ‘best friend’ and their play includes a lot of conversation. Little boys often play games in groups, their play usually involves more doing than talking. In school, girls are often better at verbal skills, while boys are often better at mathematics. A recent study at Emory University helps to shed light on the roots of this difference. Researchers studied conversation between children aged 3-6 and their parents. They found evidence that parents talk very differently to their sons than they do to their daughters. The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls. Specifically, when parents talk with their daughters, they use more descriptive language and more details. There is also far more talk about emotions, especially with daughters than with sons.
Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?
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Đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “women are more verbal - talk more - in private situations .... men talk more in public situations”
Dẫn chứng: “women are more verbal - talk more - in private situations .... men talk more in public situations”
Câu 19:
Which word is similar in meaning to the word “glue”?
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Đáp án B
Glue ∼ sticky substance: chất kết dính, keo hồ
Ta có thể đoán được nghĩa của từ “glue” dựa vào cụm từ “hold relationships together
Glue ∼ sticky substance: chất kết dính, keo hồ
Ta có thể đoán được nghĩa của từ “glue” dựa vào cụm từ “hold relationships together
Câu 20:
Which of the following phrases best explains the meaning of the word “verbal”?
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Đáp án B
Verbal ∼ connected with use of spoken language: bằng lời nó
Verbal ∼ connected with use of spoken language: bằng lời nó
Câu 21:
The word “they” refers to___________.
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Đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: “But, she says, men talk more in public situations, where they use conversation to exchange information” (Nhưng bà ấy nói rằng đàn ông nói nhiều hơn trong những tình huống công cộng, nơi mà họ dùng cuộc trò chuyện để trao đổi thông tin)
Dẫn chứng: “But, she says, men talk more in public situations, where they use conversation to exchange information” (Nhưng bà ấy nói rằng đàn ông nói nhiều hơn trong những tình huống công cộng, nơi mà họ dùng cuộc trò chuyện để trao đổi thông tin)
Câu 22:
Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?
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Đáp án D
Dẫn chứng: “A recent study at Emory University helps to shed light on the roots of this difference... The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls”
Dẫn chứng: “A recent study at Emory University helps to shed light on the roots of this difference... The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls”
Câu 23:
Which of the following statement is TRUE about the passage?
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Đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls. Specifically, when parents talk with their daughters, they use more descriptive language and more details.
Dẫn chứng: “The startling conclusion was that parents use more language with their girls. Specifically, when parents talk with their daughters, they use more descriptive language and more details.
Câu 24:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may believe them. Here, the participant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performers skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication. Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
The word “Here” in the passage refers to__________.
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Đáp án A
Dẫn chứng: At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy”
Dẫn chứng: At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy”
Câu 25:
Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in the passage?
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Đáp án C
Dẫn chứng: “The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.”
(Tác giả muốn liệt kê những loại hình giao tiếp trên như là những loại hình giao tiếp cơ bản cùa con người)
Dẫn chứng: “The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.”
(Tác giả muốn liệt kê những loại hình giao tiếp trên như là những loại hình giao tiếp cơ bản cùa con người)
Câu 26:
The word "derived" in line 13 is closest in meaning to ____________.
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Đáp án D
Derived = obtained (v) đạt được, nhận được
Derived = obtained (v) đạt được, nhận được
Câu 27:
According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person's _______.
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Đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits
Câu 28:
According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide _______.
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Đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front"
Dẫn chứng: "a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front"
Câu 29:
According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
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Đáp án D
Dẫn chứng: “Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by constricted and harsh sound of the angry”
Dẫn chứng: “Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by constricted and harsh sound of the angry”
Câu 30:
According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person’s ____________.
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Đáp án B
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits”
Dẫn chứng: "Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits”
Câu 31:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision- making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than shortrange ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that ............
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Đáp án C
Thông tin: A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Thông tin: A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Câu 32:
Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
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Đáp án B
Thông tin: Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions.
(Những người ủng hộ bảng tính tin rằng nó sẽ mang lại tối ưu, đó là, các quyết định tốt nhất.)
Thông tin: Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions.
(Những người ủng hộ bảng tính tin rằng nó sẽ mang lại tối ưu, đó là, các quyết định tốt nhất.)
Câu 33:
The word "essential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .......
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Đáp án B
"essential" = fundamental: căn bản, thiết yếu
Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. (Mặc dù có một số biến thể về định dạng chính xác mà các bảng tính có thể có, tất cả chúng đều giống nhau về các khía cạnh thiết yếu của chúng.)
"essential" = fundamental: căn bản, thiết yếu
Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. (Mặc dù có một số biến thể về định dạng chính xác mà các bảng tính có thể có, tất cả chúng đều giống nhau về các khía cạnh thiết yếu của chúng.)
Câu 34:
The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragraph 3) to explain that .....
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Đáp án là B
Câu này nghĩa là: trung bình, mỗi người giữ được 7 suy nghĩ cùng 1 lúc → khả năng thần kinh của con người rất hạn chế, không chứa được nhiều thông tin bằng worksheet.
Câu này nghĩa là: trung bình, mỗi người giữ được 7 suy nghĩ cùng 1 lúc → khả năng thần kinh của con người rất hạn chế, không chứa được nhiều thông tin bằng worksheet.
Câu 35:
The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to .........
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Đáp án B
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. (Một bảng tính ra quyết định bắt đầu bằng một câu ngắn gọn về vấn đề cũng sẽ giúp thu hẹp nó.)
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. (Một bảng tính ra quyết định bắt đầu bằng một câu ngắn gọn về vấn đề cũng sẽ giúp thu hẹp nó.)
Câu 36:
What does the passage mainly discuss?
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Đáp án C
Bài văn thảo luận về “Một công cụ hỗ trợ đưa ra các quyết định phức tạp” đó là “decision worksheet”
Bài văn thảo luận về “Một công cụ hỗ trợ đưa ra các quyết định phức tạp” đó là “decision worksheet”
Câu 37:
Of the following steps, which occurs BEFORE the others in making a decision worksheet?
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Đáp án A
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem.
Các bước sau đó lần lượt là:
- Listing the consequences of each solution.
- Deciding which consequences are most important
- Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem.
Các bước sau đó lần lượt là:
- Listing the consequences of each solution.
- Deciding which consequences are most important
- Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
Câu 38:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
" When a snow leopard stalks its prey among the mountain walls, it moves softly, slowly, " explains Indian biologist Raghunandan Singh Chundawat, who has studied the animal for years. " If it knocks a stone loose, it will reach out a foot to stop it from falling and making noise." One might be moving right now, perfectly silent, maybe close by. But where? And how many are left to see? Best known for its spotted coat and long distinctive tail, the snow leopard is one of the world’s most secretive animals. These elusive cats can only be found high in the remote, mountainous regions of central Asia. For this reason, and because they hunt primarily at night, they are very rarely seen. Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult. Many continue to be killed for their fur and body parts, which are worth a fortune on the black market. In recent years, though, conflict with local herders has also led to a number of snow leopard deaths. This is because the big cats kill the herders’ animals, and drag the bodies away to eat high up in the mountains. As a result of these pressures, the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000, and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500. The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make them more valuable alive than dead. Because farming is difficult in Central Asia’s cold, dry landscape, traditional cultures depend mostly on livestock (mainly sheep and go a t s) t o s u r viv e in t h e s e m o u n t ain o u s r e gio n s. A t nig h t, w h e n s n o w leopards hunt, herders’ animals are in danger of snow leopard attacks. Losing only a few animals can push a family into desperate poverty. “The wolf comes and kills, eats, and goes somewhere else,” said one herder, “but snow leopards are always around. They have killed one or two animals many time. Everybody wanted to finish this leopard.” To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. They’ve also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare and thus it is important to protect them. Financial incentives are also helping to slow snow leopard killings. The organization Snow Leopard Conservancy–India has established Himalayan Homestays, a program that sends visitors to the region to herders’ houses. For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about ten U.S. dollars a night. Having guests once every two weeks through the tourist season provides the herders with enough income to replace the animals lost to snow leopards. In addition, Homestays helps herders build protective fences that keep out snow leopards. The organization also conducts environmental classes at village schools and trains Homestays members as nature guides, available for hire. In exchange, the herders agree not to kill snow leopards. In Mongolia, a project called Snow Leopard Enterprises (SLE) helps herder communities earn extra money in exchange for their promise to protect the endangered cat. Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products—yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs, and toys—using the wool from their herds. SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad. Herders must agree to protect the snow leopards and to encourage neighbors to do the same. The arrangement increases herders’ incomes by 10 to 15 percent and “elevates” the status of the women. If no one in the community kills the protected animals over the course of a year, the program members are rewarded with a 20 percent bonus in addition to the money they’ve already made. An independent review in 2006 found no snow leopard killings in areas where SLE operates. Today the organization continues to add more communities. Projects like the Homestays program in India and SLE’s business in Mongolia are doing well, though they cover only a small part of the snow leopard’s homeland, they make the leopards more valuable to more people each year. If these programs continue to do well, the snow leopard may just have a figting chance.
Which of these is NOT true about the Himalayan Homestays program?
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Đáp án D
Thông tin: For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about ten U.S. dollars a night
Thông tin: For a clean room and bed, meals with the family, and an introduction to their culture, visitors pay about ten U.S. dollars a night
Câu 39:
The purpose of the projects mentioned is .................
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Đáp án D
Thông tin: To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. They’ve also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare and thus it is important to protect them.
Thông tin: To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. They’ve also tried to convince people that the leopards are quite rare and thus it is important to protect them.
Câu 40:
The phrase “this trend” in paragraph 4 refers to ............
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Đáp án A
As a result of these pressures, the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000, and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500. The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction… (Như là kết quả của sức ép này, dân số báo tuyết hiện tại ước tính chỉ có 4.000 đến 7.000, và một số người lo ngại rằng con số thực tế có thể đã giảm xuống dưới 3.500. Cách duy nhất để đảo ngược xu hướng này và mang những con mèo này trở lại từ gần như tuyệt chủng…)
As a result of these pressures, the current snow leopard population is estimated at only 4,000 to 7,000, and some fear that the actual number may already have dropped below 3,500. The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction… (Như là kết quả của sức ép này, dân số báo tuyết hiện tại ước tính chỉ có 4.000 đến 7.000, và một số người lo ngại rằng con số thực tế có thể đã giảm xuống dưới 3.500. Cách duy nhất để đảo ngược xu hướng này và mang những con mèo này trở lại từ gần như tuyệt chủng…)
Câu 41:
What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
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Đáp án D
Thông tin: Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
Thông tin: Snow leopards have been officially protected since 1975, but enforcing this law has proven difficult.
Câu 42:
The word “address” in in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ......
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Đáp án A
"address" = solve: giải quyết
To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. (Để giải quyết vấn đề này, các nhà lãnh đạo tôn giáo địa phương đã kêu gọi chấm dứt các vụ giết báo tuyết, nói rằng những động vật hoang dã này có quyền tồn tại một cách hòa bình.)
"address" = solve: giải quyết
To address this problem, local religious leaders have called for an end to snow leopard killings, saying that these wild animals have the right to exist peacefully. (Để giải quyết vấn đề này, các nhà lãnh đạo tôn giáo địa phương đã kêu gọi chấm dứt các vụ giết báo tuyết, nói rằng những động vật hoang dã này có quyền tồn tại một cách hòa bình.)
Câu 43:
Why is the Mongolian women's status in the community “elevated”?
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Đáp án C
Thông tin: Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products—yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs, and toys—using the wool from their herds. SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad. […] The arrangement increases herders’ incomes by 10 to 15 percent and “elevates” the status of the women.
Thông tin: Women in Mongolian herder communities make a variety of products—yarn for making clothes, decorative floor rugs, and toys—using the wool from their herds. SLE buys these items from herding families and sells them abroad. […] The arrangement increases herders’ incomes by 10 to 15 percent and “elevates” the status of the women.
Câu 44:
According to conservationists, what is the best way to save the snow leopard?
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Đáp án D
Thông tin: The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make them more valuable alive than dead.
Thông tin: The only way to reverse this trend and bring these cats back from near extinction, say conservationists, is to make them more valuable alive than dead.
Câu 45:
The word “bodies” in paragraph 3 refers to ...........
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Đáp án D
“bodies” đề cập đến “the herders’ animals”
This is because the big cats kill the herders’ animals, and drag the bodies away to eat high up in the mountains. (Điều này là do những con mèo lớn giết động vật của những người chăn nuôi gia súc, và kéo các xác chết đi để ăn ở cao trên núi.)
“bodies” đề cập đến “the herders’ animals”
This is because the big cats kill the herders’ animals, and drag the bodies away to eat high up in the mountains. (Điều này là do những con mèo lớn giết động vật của những người chăn nuôi gia súc, và kéo các xác chết đi để ăn ở cao trên núi.)
Câu 46:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Before the 1500’s, the western plains of North America were dominated by farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country, primarily in present – day North Dakota.They had large villages of houses built close together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next. The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant fleeting growing seasons. Winter often lingered; autumn could be ushered in by severe frost. For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the wary grower. Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize capable of weathering adversity. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring, clearing the land, using fire to clear stubble from the fields and then planting. From this point until the first green corn could be harvested, the crop required labor and vigilance. Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller amount of the crop before it had matured fully. This green corn was boiled, dried and shelled, with some of the maize slated for immediate consumption and the rest stored in animal – skin bags. Later in the fall, the people picked the rest of the corn. They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the remainder eaten right away or stored for alter use in underground reserves. With appropriate banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompany hunger. The woman planted another staple, squash, about the first of June, and harvested it near the time of the green corn harvest. After they picked it, they sliced it, dried it, and strung the slices before they stored them. Once again, they saved the seeds from the best of the year’s crop. The Mandans also grew sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the particular task of the older men.
What is the main topic of the passage?
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Đáp án B.
Giải thích: Ý B là ý tổng quát nhất, A, C, D chỉ là những ý nhỏ trong bài
Giải thích: Ý B là ý tổng quát nhất, A, C, D chỉ là những ý nhỏ trong bài
Câu 47:
The Mandans built their houses close together in order to _____.
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Đáp án A.
Thông tin trong bài: They had large villages of houses built close together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
Thông tin trong bài: They had large villages of houses built close together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.
Câu 48:
The word “enabled” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
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Đáp án B
Giải thích: enable = help: giúp đỡ
Các từ còn lại: cover: bao phủ; remind: nhắc nhở; isolate: cô lập
Giải thích: enable = help: giúp đỡ
Các từ còn lại: cover: bao phủ; remind: nhắc nhở; isolate: cô lập
Câu 49:
Why does the author believe that the Mandans were skilled farmers?
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Đáp án C
Giải thích: Dựa vào toàn bộ đoạn 3
Giải thích: Dựa vào toàn bộ đoạn 3
Câu 50:
The word “consumption” in the paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
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Đáp án C
Giải thích: consumption: sự tiêu thụ (ngô) ⇒ eating: ăn
Các từ còn lại: decay: hư nát; thối rữa; conversation: cuộc trò chuyện; planting: trồng
Giải thích: consumption: sự tiêu thụ (ngô) ⇒ eating: ăn
Các từ còn lại: decay: hư nát; thối rữa; conversation: cuộc trò chuyện; planting: trồng