ĐGNL ĐHQG Hà Nội - Tư duy định lượng - Các dạng vô định của giới hạn
-
1187 lượt thi
-
20 câu hỏi
-
30 phút
Danh sách câu hỏi
Câu 1:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \left( {{x^2} - x + 7} \right)\]bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Câu 2:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 2} \left( {3{x^2} - 3x - 8} \right)\]bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 2} \left( {3{x^2} - 3x - 8} \right) = 3.{( - 2)^2} - 3.( - 2) - 8 = 12 + 6 - 8 = 10.\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 3:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \sqrt {\frac{{{x^4} + 3x - 1}}{{2{x^2} - 1}}} \]bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Câu 4:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{3{x^2} - 2x - 1}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\] bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{3{x^2} - 2x - 1}}{{{x^2} + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{3 - \frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}}}{{1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}}} = \frac{3}{1} = 3.\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 5:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ + }} \frac{{\left| {x - 3} \right|}}{{3x - 9}}\]bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ + }} \frac{{\left| {x - 3} \right|}}{{3x - 9}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ + }} \frac{{x - 3}}{{3x - 9}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {3^ + }} \frac{1}{3} = \frac{1}{3}.\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Câu 6:
Trong các mệnh đề sau đâu là mệnh đề đúng?
\[\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + 3x + 2}}{{\left| {x + 1} \right|}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \frac{{(x + 1)(x + 2)}}{{x + 1}}\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} (x + 2) = - 1 + 2 = 1\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} \frac{{{x^2} + 3x + 2}}{{\left| {x + 1} \right|}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} \frac{{(x + 1)(x + 2)}}{{ - (x + 1)}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} [ - (x + 2)] = - ( - 1 + 2) = - 1\end{array}\]
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ + }} \frac{{{x^2} + 3x + 2}}{{\left| {x + 1} \right|}} \ne \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - {1^ - }} \frac{{{x^2} + 3x + 2}}{{\left| {x + 1} \right|}}\]
Suy ra, không tồn tại \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{{x^2} + 3x + 2}}{{\left| {x + 1} \right|}}.\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 7:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{{x^2} - 4x + 3}}{{{x^2} - 9}}\]bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{{x^2} - 4x + 3}}{{{x^2} - 9}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{(x - 1)(x - 3)}}{{(x - 3)(x + 3)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{x - 1}}{{x + 3}} = \frac{{3 - 1}}{{3 + 3}} = \frac{1}{3}.\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 8:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{{x^2} + 6x + 5}}{{{x^3} + 2{x^2} - 1}}\] bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{{x^2} + 6x + 5}}{{{x^3} + 2{x^2} - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{(x + 1)(x + 5)}}{{(x + 1)({x^2} + x - 1)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - 1} \frac{{x + 5}}{{{x^2} + x - 1}} = \frac{{ - 1 + 5}}{{{{( - 1)}^2} + ( - 1) - 1}} = - 4\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Câu 9:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{\sqrt {x + 1} - 2}}{{\sqrt {3x} - 3}}\] bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Câu 10:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{x - \sqrt {x + 2} }}{{\sqrt {4x + 1} - 3}}\] bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{x - \sqrt {x + 2} }}{{\sqrt {4x + 1} - 3}}\]
\[ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{(x - \sqrt {x + 2} )(x + \sqrt {x + 2} )(\sqrt {4x + 1} + 3)}}{{(\sqrt {4x + 1} - 3)(\sqrt {4x + 1} + 3)(x + \sqrt {x + 2} )}}\]
\(\)\[\begin{array}{l} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{({x^2} - x - 2)(\sqrt {4x + 1} + 3)}}{{(4x + 1 - 9)(x + \sqrt {x + 2} )}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{(x + 1)(x - 2)(\sqrt {4x + 1} + 3)}}{{4(x - 2)(x + \sqrt {x + 2} )}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \frac{{(x + 1)(\sqrt {4x + 1} + 3)}}{{4(x + \sqrt {x + 2} )}}\\ = \frac{{(2 + 1)(\sqrt {4.2 + 1} + 3)}}{{4(2 + \sqrt {2 + 2} )}} = \frac{9}{8}\end{array}\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Câu 11:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{1 - \sqrt[3]{{x + 1}}}}{{3x}}\]bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 12:
Tính\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } (x - 1)\sqrt {\frac{{{x^2}}}{{2{x^4} + {x^2} + 1}}} \] bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Câu 13:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} - x} \right)\]bằng?
Bước 1:
\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} - x} \right)}\\{ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} - x} \right)\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} + x} \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} + x} \right)}}}\\{ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + x + 3 - {x^2}}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} + x}}}\\{ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{x + 3}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + x + 3} + x}}}\end{array}\]
Bước 2:
\[ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{1 + \frac{3}{x}}}{{\sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{x} + \frac{3}{{{x^2}}}} + 1}}\]
Bước 3:
\[ = \frac{{1 + 0}}{{\sqrt {1 + 0 + 0} + 1}} = \frac{1}{2}\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: C
Câu 14:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} + x - 1} \right)\]bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} + x - 1} \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{(\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} + x - 1)(\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} - x + 1)}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} - x + 1}}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + 1 - {{(x - 1)}^2}}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} - x + 1}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{{x^2} + 1 - {x^2} + 2x - 1}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} - x + 1}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{2x}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} - x + 1}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\frac{{2x}}{x}}}{{\frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 1} }}{x} - \frac{x}{x} + \frac{1}{x}}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{2}{{ - \sqrt {1 + \frac{1}{{{x^2}}}} - 1 + \frac{1}{x}}}\\ = \frac{2}{{ - 1 - 1 + 0}} = - 1\end{array}\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Câu 15:
Cho hàm số \[f(x) = \sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} \]. Khẳng định nào sau đây là đúng?
\[f(x) = \sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} \]
Ta có:
\[\mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } f(x) = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)}}\]
\[ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{({x^2} + 2x + 4) - ({x^2} - 2x + 4)}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} }}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{{4x}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} }}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to + \infty } \frac{4}{{\sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}} + \sqrt {1 - \frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}} }} = 2\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{l}\mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } f(x) = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} - \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)}}{{\left( {\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} } \right)}}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{({x^2} + 2x + 4) - ({x^2} - 2x + 4)}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} }}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{4x}}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} + \sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} }}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\frac{{4x}}{x}}}{{\frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 2x + 4} }}{x} + \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} - 2x + 4} }}{x}}}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{4}{{\sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}} + \sqrt {1 - \frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{{{x^2}}}} }} = \frac{4}{{ - 1 - 1}} = - 2\end{array}\]
\[ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to + \infty } f(x) = - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } f(x)\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 16:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x^3} + 1}} + x - 1} \right)\]bằng?
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {\sqrt[3]{{{x^3} + 1}} + x - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left( {x\sqrt[3]{{1 + \frac{1}{{{x^3}}}}} + x - 1} \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \left[ {x\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + \frac{1}{{{x^3}}}}} + 1 - \frac{1}{x}} \right)} \right] = - \infty \]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 17:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } x\sqrt {\frac{{3x + 2}}{{2{x^3} + {x^2} - 1}}} \] bằng?
Đáp án cần chọn là: A
Câu 18:
Tính \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}}{x}\]
Ta có:
\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}\\{ = \sqrt {1 + 2x} - \sqrt {1 + 2x} + \sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} - \sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} + \sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}\\{ = \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} - 1} \right) + \sqrt {1 + 2x} \left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} - 1} \right) + \sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1} \right)}\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}}{x}}\\{ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\frac{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} - 1}}{x}} \right) + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} - 1}}{x}} \right) + \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\frac{{\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}}{x}} \right)}\end{array}\]
Tính:
\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\frac{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} - 1}}{x}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} - 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} + 1} \right)}}{{x\left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{2x}}{{x\left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{2}{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} + 1}} = \frac{2}{{1 + 1}} = 1\]\[\begin{array}{l}\mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\frac{{\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} - 1}}{x}} \right)\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\frac{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} - 1} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} + 1} \right]}}{{x.\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} + 1} \right]}}} \right)\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\frac{{3x}}{{x.\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} + 1} \right]}}} \right)\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\frac{{3\sqrt {1 + 2x} }}{{\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}} + 1} \right]}}} \right) = \frac{{3.1}}{{1 + 1 + 1}} = 3\end{array}\]
\[\mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\frac{{\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}}{x}} \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\frac{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^3} + {{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} + 1} \right]}}{{x.\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^3} + {{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} + 1} \right]}}} \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\frac{{4x}}{{\frac{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1} \right)\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^3} + {{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} + 1} \right]}}{{x.\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^3} + {{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} + 1} \right]}}}}} \right)\]
\[ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{4\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}}}{{\left[ {{{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^3} + {{\left( {\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}}} \right)}^2} + \sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} + 1} \right]}} = \frac{{4.1.1}}{{1 + 1 + 1 + 1}} = 1\]
Vậy\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \frac{{\sqrt {1 + 2x} .\sqrt[3]{{1 + 3x}}.\sqrt[4]{{1 + 4x}} - 1}}{x} = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: D
Câu 19:
Giới hạn \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to - \infty } \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 3x + 5} }}{{4x - 1}}\].
Đáp án cần chọn là: B
Câu 20:
Cho a,b là các số nguyên và \[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{a{x^2} + bx - 5}}{{x - 1}} = 20\]. Tính \[P = {a^2} + {b^2} - a - b\]
Bước 1:
\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}{a{x^2} + bx - 5}\\{ = (ax + a + b)(x - 1) + a + b - 5}\end{array}\]
Bước 2:
\[\begin{array}{l}\mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{a{x^2} + bx - 5}}{{x - 1}}\\ = \mathop {lim}\limits_{x \to 1} (ax + a + b + \frac{{a + b - 5}}{{x - 1}}) = 20\end{array}\]
\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a.1 + b + a = 20}\\{a + b - 5 = 0}\end{array}} \right.\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a = 15}\\{6 = - 10}\end{array}} \right.\)
\[ \Rightarrow P = {a^2} + {b^2} - a - b = 320\]
Đáp án cần chọn là: C